Nautical chart and It’s

uses in Navigation
Submitted by : Submitted to :

Mr. Subal kumar

Sourav Saha (29)
Ghosh
Ravi Ranjan Kumar (32)
Debashish Jena (30)
Bansi Dhar Nayak (42)
Anusandhista Disary (20)
 What is a Nautical chart
 A nautical chart is one of the most fundamental tools
available to the Mariner.

It is a map that depicts the configuration of the shoreline

and seafloor.

It provides water depths, locations of dangers to

navigation, locations and characteristics of aids to
navigation, anchorages, and other features.
CONTD...
The first navigation charts were made at the end of the 13th century
Nautical chart is essential for safe navigation.

Mariners use charts to plan voyages andand navigate ships safely and
economically.

Federal regulations requiresrequires most commercial vessels tocarry

electronic or paper nautical charts. WhileWhile they transit U. S waters.
PUBLICATION OF NAUTICAL CHART
• Nautical charts are issued by the power of the national hydrographic offices in many
countries.
• These charts are based on hydrographic surveys.
• These charts are considered" Official " in contrast to those mademade by commercial
publishers.
• Many hydrographic offices provide regular, sometimes weekly, manual updates of
their chart through their sales agents.
CLASSIFICATION OF NAUTICAL
CHARTS
• World charts: These charts are very small
scale covering the large area of the world
showing ocean routes, magnetic
variations, telegraph cables, ocean
currents.
 Cont.
• Ocean charts : There charts are prepared on a very small
scale, covering large portions of the earth eg. Indian
ocean, North Atlantic ocean. On such charts only the
outstanding coastal features and important ports etc. are
shown. Since these charts show little detail these charts
are unsuitable for coastal navigation. These charts are
used for planning and executing long voyages across the
oceans. The scale of these charts ranges from 1 :
6,00,000 to 1 : 14,000,000
CONTD..
• Coastal charts : These charts are of medium scale and
cover only a portion or a part of the coast. They show
all the aids to navigation like lighthouses, Radio
station, important navigation marks, off lying rocks,
dangers etc. These charts are used when the ship is
being navigated along the coast. Coast charts thus
highlight the features on and along the coast and the
adjoining portions of the sea. The scale of these
charts ranges from 1:50,000 to 1:6,00,000.
• Eg. Manapad to Sethukari
• Kolachal to Manapad
• Mumbai to Cape Comerin
CONTD...
• Plan charts : These charts are drawn on a very large
scale and each plan covers only a small area eg.
Tuticorin Harbour, Vepalodai anchorage etc. They
contain all the information required when navigating a
ship in side the harbour and other congested and
enclosed waters. Every possible information of use to
navigator is shown in great detail. The scale of these
plan charts enables the mariner to plot his position
with great accuracy and thus avoid the dangers, which
are frequent in ports and harbours. The chart with a
scale ranging from 1 : 2,500 to 1 : 50,000.
 Types of Scales

• The nautical charts are divided according to the scale in four categories:
• 1. General charts:
• – Drawn at a scale between 1: 500,000 – 1: 5,000,000
• – Are represented large oceanic basins and are used for:
• ·         Study of the navigation conditions;
• ·         Preparing the sea passage;
• 2. Route charts:
• – Drawn at a scale between 1: 100,000 – 1: 500,000
• – Used for navigation at deep sea or near the coasts;
• – On which are represented the most important elements for navigation;
CONTD...
• 3. Coast charts:
• – Drawn at a scale between 1: 50,000 – 1: 75,000;
• – Used for navigation close to land, among islands, fjords, straits;
• 4. Plans:
• – Drawn at a scale between 1: 5,000 – 1: 25,000;
• – Used for operating in ports, roads, gulfs and bays.
USES OF NAUTICAL CHARTS
• To obtain a course : The direction in which a vessel is to be steered or the direction of
travel through the water. The course may designated as true, magnetic or compass
• To draw a bearing : A bearing is the direction of a known object and thus determines
the direction of the line of sight to that object ; this is the bearing pf the object. He
then plots this bearing to the known object on this chart and the ship must be
somewhere on this line. This line is called the position line. Bearing may be true,
magnetic or compass and instruments such as Azimuth mirror and Pelorus are used
to get bearings of known objects
CONTD...

To Find a position : When two bearings (position line)intersect, the

position of the vessel is said to be fixed.
So a fix (position) is therefore the point of intersection of the two-
position line.
Position is found not only by the bearing but also by Radio bearings,
sextant angles, Radar, satellites, altitudes of heavenly bodies etc. The
position is indicated in the terms of latitudes and longitudes.
CONCLUSION
 Reference
• https://www.flaggaff.com/nautical-charts-types-scales/
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