NEONATE

PRESENTED BY: SHEIKH MARIA

TABASSUM AND SHARIN ROBINSON
DOT (BATCH:1)
• The Neonatal period is the first 4 weeks of a child’s life.
• It is a time when changes are very rapid. Many critical events can occur in
this period:
• Feeding patterns are established
• Bonding between parents and infant begin
• The risk of infections that may become more serious are higher
PREVALENCE OF NICU IN PAKISTAN

• By AKU :
Healthy baby: 37-42 weeks
Under weight : 2.5kg
• By INDUS
• 1 in 24 Newborns in Pakistan
die every year
• 800 Newborns admitted to
NICU in 2020
INTRODUCTION:

• NICU is a very specialized unit where critically ill new natal cared to reduce the
neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Criteria For Admission In NICU:
1. Low birth weight
2. Large babies ( more than or equal to 4kg)
3. Infants of diabetic mother
4. Neonatal sepsis/ meningitis
THE NICU ENVIRONMENT:

• The neonate who is born prematurely is not well adapted to the stressful and
technologically complex environment of the NICU.
• This mismatch between the infant and the environment may have a
deleterious effect on the infant’s medical and developmental outcomes.
• Therefore, a primary intervention goal in the NICU is to provide the best
match or fit between the infant and the NICU environment.
• The occupational therapist assesses the environment and collaborates with
others to shape the infants physical and social environment to provide a
milieu of developmentally supportive care.
AIMS/ GOALS OF NICU.

• To improve the condition of the critically I’ll Neonates keeping in mind the
survival of neonate so as to reduce the neonatal morbidity and mortality.
• To monitor heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, central venous
pressure and blood by non invasive techniques.
• To maintain function of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal and nervous
system.
ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST

• OT identifies hopes, dreams, expectations, priorities and skills regarding daily care,
play and other interactions with the infant.
• Guides family members in observing and interpreting their infant’s behavior and in
adapting their own behaviors in response to the infants cues to elicit appropriate
sensory, motor, and social responses.
• Adapts intervention approaches according to family culture, changing emotions,
needs and resources that may be influenced by the infants changing medical status or
other circumstances.
• The occupational therapist has to have an in depth understanding of
approaches to evaluation and intervention.
• The therapist develops an evaluation plan that includes use of appropriate
standardized tools, parent and caregiver interviews, and observations of
infant adaptation to the social and physical environments.
• Formulates and implements a discharge and follow up plan with a family and
other team members to ensure a smooth transition in the community,
integrating occupational therapy goals into the overall goals and priorities of
a family.
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERVENTION

• Occupational therapy intervention, based on the best available evidence to date are set out in ten categories:
• Occupation based assessment
• Developmentally supportive care
• Pain management
• Positioning
• Infant feeding
• Parent engagement
• Parent support
• Skin to skin (kangaroo) care
• Identifying developmental concerns
• Early intervention
MODELS OF CARE IN NICU

• Universe of Developmental Care Model (UDC)

• Neonatal Integrative Developmental Care Model
(NIDC)
THANK YOU!