Gash River Basin

Eastern Sudan
Study Area
Location & Topography

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 2

 Problem

Most of the hand

dug wells, hand
pumps and water
yards are now
dry.

Heavy
exploitation of
water which
causes a severe
drop in water
level in
groundwater
reservoir.

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 3

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 4
22/8/2014 Hago Ali 5
Climate

Dry
Season

Rainy
Season

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 6

 Geology & Hydrogeology

 There are three geological units which

represent the hydro-stratigraphic units in the
study area:

 The Basement Complex-Precambrian age.

 The Clays of the Plain-Tertiary/Quaternary.
 The Gash Alluvial Deposits-Quaternary.

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 7

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 8
 3
1

2 4
2

1
4

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 9

Groundwater
Flow Direction

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 10

 Methodology

 Pre-Field work phase:

Personal Communications
& Office work.

 Field work phase:

Data Collection.

 Post-Field work phase:

Analyses, Results
& Interpretation.

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 11

 Results
Groundwater Quality for domestic use
Physico-chemical parameters

Total Hardness ,
Parameter pH EC, µS/cm TDS, mg/L T°C
mg/L
Min. 56 7.1 296 137 25
average 196 7.5 606 323 31
Max. 620 8.3 2110 1101 35

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 12

 Results
Groundwater Quality for domestic use
Major dissolved solids (mg/L)

Ion Cl- NO3- SO42- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+ K+

Min. 3.70 1.55 9.65 60.9 9.4 6.6 8.8 0.32
averag
19.1 15.8 45.1 268 56 19 53 2
e
Max. 211 290 304 574 158 81 290 5.09

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 13

 Results
Groundwater Quality for irrigation use

parameter S A R ESR Na% MH% RSC PI

Min. 0.35 0.13 13 12 -7.56 36
average 1.53 0.54 31 36 0.33 68
Max. 6.74 4.04 81 64 2.87 118

SAR is Sodium Adsorption Ratio

ESR is Exchangeable Sodium Ratio
Na% is Sodium percentage
MH is Magnesium Hazard
RSC is Residual Sodium Carbonate
PI is Permeability Index

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 14

 Results
Water Quality Index  
2010
Parameter Test Q- Weighting Sub-
value factor total
pH 7.4 93 0.12 11.16
Change in 5 73 0.11 8.03
Temp.   2007
Nitrate 12.2 48 0.10 4.80
TDS 400 47 0.10 4.70
Total 0.43 28.69
Water 66.72
Quality
Index

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 15

Results:
Hydrochemistry

Piper diagram
Ca-SO4
3
CO
g -H
-M

Na-Cl
Ca

3
CO
-H
Na

2007 2010

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 16

Results
Hydrochemistry Stiff map
2007 2010

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 17

 Evaporation dominance
Results
Water-Rock Interaction
Rock dominance Gibbs’s Plot

Precipitation dominance

2010
Evaporation dominance

Rock
dominance

Precipitation dominance

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 19

 Results
Recharge Estimation

The recharge R is calculated using the following formula:

The annual groundwater recharge QR was calculated using

formula:

Quantity R, mm/ year QR, 106 m3

Min. 784.5 66.7

Average 1218.1 103.5

Max. 1560.0 132.6

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 23

year 2007 2010
CAI CAI1 CAI2 CAI1 CAI2
minimum -15.83 -0.80 -21.14 -0.85
average -5.02 -0.27 -5.35 -0.31
maximum -0.57 -0.11 -1.71 -0.12

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 25

 Thanks for your attention
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit
‫شكرا الهتمامكم‬

22/8/2014 Hago Ali 26