Math C191: Mathematics - I

MATH C191: MATHEMATICS - I
BITS-PILANI Hyderabad Campus
Presented by
Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan
Email: msr@bits-hyderabad.ac.in
Multiple Integrals
Ch. 15
Text Book:Thomas’s Calculus, 11th Ed.
By Maurice D. Weir, Joel Hass & Frank
R. Giordano, Pearson, 2008.
Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 2

In this lecture we look at
• Application of Double Integrals –

Areas, Volumes, Moments, and
Centers of Mass

Double Integrals as Volumes
When ƒ(x, y) is a positive function over a

region R in the xy-plane, we may interpret
the double integral of ƒ over R as the volume
of the 3-dimensional solid region over the
xy-plane bounded below by R and above by
the surface z = ƒ(x, y).

Copyright © 2008 Pearson
Education, Inc. Publishing
as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Volume beneath a Surface z = f (x, y)
Example
Find the volume of the solid that is bounded
above by the cylinder z = x2 and below by the
region enclosed by the parabola y = 2 – x2 and
the line y = x in the xy-plane.
Solution
We sketch the base of the solid (in the xy-
plane).
The base is y = 2 – x2
bounded above
by the parabola y=x
y = 2 – x2,
below by the -2 1
line y = x, and
on the left and right by the vertical lines x =
-2 and x = 1. 1 2 x 2
Hence the volume of the solid is z dy dx  

2 x

1 2 x 2 1
  x dy dx    
2 2
 2
x (2 x x ) dx
2 x 2
1
  (2 x  x  x ) dx
2 3 4
2
 2 1 1   16 16 32  63
           .
3 4 5  3 4 5  20

Example
Find the volume of the solid in the first octant
bounded by the coordinate planes, the
cylinder x2 + y2 = 4, and the plane z + y = 3.
Solution
We sketch the base
of the solid (in the
xy-plane).

The base is the x2 + y 2 = 4
2
quadrant of the circle
x 2 + y2 = 4
2
Hence the volume of
the solid is
2 4 x 2 2 4 x 2
 
0 0
z dy dx 
0

0
(3  y ) dy dx

2
4 x 2
  (3 4  x  2
) dx
0
2
8
 3  .
3

Example
Find the volume under the parabolic cylinder
z = x2 above the region enclosed by the
parabola y = 6 – x2 and the line y = x in the
xy- plane.
Solution
We sketch the base
of the solid (in the
xy-plane).
(0,6) y = 6 - x2
The base is the
region enclosed
by the parabola
y = 6 – x2 and -3 y=x
the line y = x in 2
the xy- plane.
The two intersect at the points having x-
coordinates given by 6 – x2 = x
Hence x2 + x – 6 = 0 or x = - 3 or 2.
Hence the volume of the solid is
2 6 x 2 2 6 x 2
  z dy dx   
2
x dy dx
3 x 3 0
2 2
 3 x x  5 4
  x (6  x  x) dx   2 x   
2 2
3  5 4  3
 32   243 81  125
 16   4    54     .
 5   5 4 4
Example
Find the volume of the solid cut from the

square column | x | + | y | ≤ 1 by the planes
z = 0 and 3x + z = 3.
Solution
plane).

The base is the
x+y=1
square bounded 1
by the lines
x + y = 1, y – x = 1
-x + y = 1, -1 1
-x - y = 1 and
x-y=1 -x - y = 1 x-y=1
-1
Also the top is the plane 3x + z = 3.

By symmetry, the volume in the region y  0 is
the same as the region y ≤ 0.
1 x 1 y
2  z dx dy
y 0 x  y 1
1 x 1 y
2  (3  3 x) dx dy
y 0 x  y 1

1 y
 (1  x) 
1 2
 6    dy
0
2  y 1
1
 3 (2  y )  y  dy
2 2
0
1
 3  4  4 y  dy  3(4  2) = 6.
0

Example
Find the volume of the solid that is bounded

on the front and back by the planes x = 2 and
x = 1, on the sides by the cylinders y =  1/x,
and above and below by the planes z = x + 1
and z = 0.
Solution
plane).
The base is the
figure bounded 1
above by y = 1/x,
below by y =
-1/x, on the left by -1 1 2
x =1 and on
the right by x = 2.
-1
Also the top is the plane z =x + 1.

2 y 1/ x 2 y 1/ x
 
x 1 y 1/ x
z dy dx   
x 1 y 1/ x
( x  1) dy dx
2 2
2 1
  ( x  1)  dx  2  (1  ) dx
x 1
x x 1
x
 2[1  ln 2].

Exercise 46 Page 1080
Find the volume of the solid cut from the first

octant by the surface z = 4 – x2 – y.
Solution
plane).

The base is the 4 y = 4 - x2
figure bounded
above by the
parabola, y=4-x2,
and below by the
x-axis and on the
left by the y-axis. -2 2
Also the top is the surface z = 4 – x2 – y.

2 y  4 x 2 2 y  4 x 2
     (4  x  y ) dy dx
2
z dy dx
x 0 y 0 x 0 y 0

2
(4  x )  2 2
  (4  x ) 
2 2
 dx
x 0 
2 
2
1 1 64 32  128
  (4  x ) dx  32   
2 2

2 x 0 2 3 5 15
Find the volume of the solid bounded on the

front and back by the planes x =  /3, on the
sides by the cylinders y =  sec x, above by
the cylinder z = 1 +y2 and below by the xy-
plane.
Solution
plane).
The base is the 4 y = sec x
figure bounded
above by the curve,
y =sec x, and below
by the curve -/3 /3
y = - sec x, and on
the left by the line
x = -/3 and on the
right by the line y = - sec x
x = /3.
Also the top is the surface z = 1 + y2.
= 4 times the volume in the I octant
 /3 sec x  /3 sec x
4  z dy dx  4   (1  y ) dy dx
2
x 0 y 0 x 0 y 0
 /3
 sec x 
3
 4  sec x   dx
x 0 
3 

 /3
4 7 1 
  ln(sec x  tan x)  sec x tan x 
3 2 2 0
2
 [7 ln(2  3)  2 3]
3

Areas of bounded regions in the plane
If we put f (x, y) = 1 in the definition of the

double integral over a region R, we shall get
the area A bounded by the region R as:
A   dA   dx dy
R R
Thus we can use double integration to get the

areas of bounded regions.

Example
Find the area of the region bounded by the
parabola x = y – y2 and the line y = - x.
Solution
We note the parabola and the line intersect at
the points given by
y – y2 = - y  y = 0 or y = 2.
We give a rough sketch of the region in the
next slide.
Thus the area
2 x = y – y2
enclosed by the
parabola 1
x = y – y2 and
the line y = - x is
2 y y2 y=-x
A  
y 0 x  y
dx dy
 8 4
2
  (2 y  y ) dy   4    .
2
y 0  3 3
2
Example
Find the area of the “triangular” region in the
xy- plane that is bounded on the right by the
parabola y= x2, on the left by the line x + y =
2 and above by the line y = 4.
Solution
next slide. The parabola y= x2, and the line
x + y = 2 intersect at the points (-2, 4) and
(1, 1).
(-2, 4) 4 y=4
Hence the
desired area is
y= x2
4 y
A  
y 1 x 2 y
dx dy 1 (1, 1)
0
4 4 x+y=2
 2 3/ 2 y2 
y 1

 ( y  2  y ) dy   y  2 y  
3 2 1
 16  2 1 14 3 37
   8  8    2      .
 3  3 2 3 2 6
2
(-2, 4) C 4 B y = 4D
Aliter
Hence the
desired area is y= x2
Area of triangle ABC 1 A (1, 1)
+Area of triangle ABD
2 4
0 1 2
1
  3 3    dy dx x+y=2
2 x 1 y x2
9
2
9  8 1  37
   (4  x 2 ) dx   (8  )  (4  )   .
2 x1 2  3 3  6

2
curves y = ln x and y = 2 ln x and the line x = e
in the first quadrant.
Solution
e 2ln x e
A   dy dx  
x 1
ln x dx
x 1 y ln x
  x ln x  x  1
e
1
parabolas x = y2 - 1 and x = 2y2 – 2.
Solution
We note the two parabolas intersect at the
points whose y- coordinates are given by
y2 - 1 = 2y2 – 2 or y =  1. (And hence their
x- coordinates are 0.)
next slide.
By symmetry, the
required area is
twice the area (0, 1)
above the x-axis
and so equals
0
1 y 2 1
A2   dx dy (0, -1)

y 0 x 2 y 2 2
 1 4
1
 2  (1  y ) dy  2  1    .
2
y 0  3 3
2
parabola x = - y2 and the line y = x + 2.
Solution
1  y2 1
    ( y  y  2) dy
2
A dx dy
y 2 x y 2 y 2
1 1
 y y  3 2
 y y 3 2
9
    2 y      2 y  
 3 2  2  3 2  2 2
Average value
The average value of a function f (x, y) over a
closed and bounded region R in the xy – plane
is defined as
1
Area of R 
R
f ( x, y ) dx dy.
(We assume that the RHS integral and the

area of R exist as finite numbers.)
2
Example
Find the average value of the function
f ( x, y )  xy
over the square R: 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.
Solution Area of the square = 1.
1 1

R
f ( x, y ) dx dy    xy dy dx = 1/4.
x  0 y 0
Hence the average value of the function over
the square = 1/4.
2
Centers of Mass of thin plates
Suppose there is a thin plate R in the xy- plane.
Suppose the density at any point (x, y) is (x,y).
We define the centre of mass of the plate as the
point (x, y ), where
1
x
M 
R
x δ( x , y ) dx dy
1
y
M  y δ( x, y) dx dy
R
and

M    ( x, y ) dx dy, the mass of the plate.
R
First Moments
M x   y  ( x, y ) dx dy,
R
M y   x  ( x, y ) dx dy,
R
My Mx
Hence we can say x y
M M
2
Example
Find the center of mass of a thin plate

bounded by the curves x = y2 and x = 2y – y2
if the density at the point (x, y) is
(x,y) = y + 1.
Solution
First we draw a rough sketch of the region.

2
The two parabolas 2 x = 2y – y2
intersect at the
points given by 1
x = y2
y2 = 2y – y2
Or y = 0 or 1 0
Mass of the plate = M
1 2 y y2
  
y 0 x  y 2
 ( x, y ) dx dy

1 2 y y2
  
y 0 x  y 2
( y  1) dx dy
1
  ( y  1)(2 y  2 y ) dy
2
y 0
1
  (2 y  2 y ) dy
3
= 1 – 1/2 = 1/2.
y 0

1 2 y y2
Nr. of x = My   
y 0 x  y 2
x δ( x, y ) dx dy
1 2 y y2
  
y 0 x  y 2
x ( y  1) dx dy
1
1
  ( y  1)  (2 y  y )  y  dy
 2 2 4
y 0
2
1
2 2 4
  (2 y  2 y ) dy
2 4
   .
y 0 3 5 15
1 2 y y2
Nr. of y = Mx=  
y 0 x  y 2
y δ( x, y ) dx dy
1 2 y y2
  
y 0 x  y 2
y ( y  1) dx dy
1
  y ( y  1)  (2 y  2 y ) dy 2
y 0
1
2 2
  (2 y  2 y ) dy   
2 4 4
.
y 0 3 5 15
4 8
Hence x  /(1/ 2)  =y
15 15
Hence the center of mass is (x, y )
8 8
  , .
 15 15 
***

Math C191: Mathematics - I

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Math C191: Mathematics - I

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MATH C191: MATHEMATICS - I

BITS-PILANI Hyderabad Campus

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 2

• Application of Double Integrals –

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 3

When ƒ(x, y) is a positive function over a

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 4

Hence the volume of the solid is z dy dx  

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 7

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 8

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 9

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 10

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 11

Find the volume of the solid cut from the

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 15

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 16

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 17

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 18

Find the volume of the solid that is bounded

Also the top is the plane z =x + 1.

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 20

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 21

Find the volume of the solid cut from the first

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 22

Also the top is the surface z = 4 – x2 – y.

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 23

Find the volume of the solid bounded on the

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 27

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 28

If we put f (x, y) = 1 in the definition of the

Thus we can use double integration to get the

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 29

Jan 1, 202 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 34

A2   dx dy (0, -1)

(We assume that the RHS integral and the

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 41

Find the center of mass of a thin plate

Jan 1, 202 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 43

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 44

Jan 1, 2022 Presented by Dr. M.S. Radhakrishnan BITS, Pilani 45

You might also like