In terms of Cartesian components Summary of line relations


rB / A  rx ˆi  ry ˆj  rz kˆ Vector equation of a line and its unit vector

rB / A  rx2  ry2  rz2 û B / A

 k̂
r r r r
û B / A  B/ A  x ˆi  y ˆj  z kˆ 
rB/ A rB / A rB / A rB / A rz =  z B - z A  kˆ
B  x B ,y B ,z B 
In terms of coordinates of two of its points 
 rB/A
rB/ A   x B  x A  ˆi   y B  y A  ˆj   z B  z A  kˆ

 xB  xA    yB  yA    z B  z A 
2 2 2
rB / A 

 x B  x A  ˆi   y B  y A  ˆj   z B  z A  kˆ   
ry =  y B -y A  ˆj
û B / A 
ĵ
A  x A ,y A ,z A 
rB / A 
rx =  x B -x A  ˆi
In terms of the line’s length and its direction cosines

rB / A  rB/ A cos  ˆi  rB/ A cos  ˆj  rB/ A cos  kˆ î

 rB / A cos     rB / A cos     rB / A cos  

2 2 2
rB / A 

û B / A  cos  ˆi  cos  ˆj  cos  kˆ

=
 
In terms of the Cartesian components of the force
 û B/A =u x ˆi+u y ˆj+u z kˆ
F  Fx ˆi  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ

F  Fx2  Fy2  Fz2

 B  x B ,y B ,z B 
F Fx ˆ Fy ˆ Fz ˆ
û   i  j k
F F F F 
F
In terms of two points on its line of action k̂

 

F  Fuˆ B/ A  F u x ˆi  u y ˆj  u z kˆ

  x  x A  ˆi  F  y B  y A  ˆj  F  z B  z A  kˆ A  x A ,y A ,z A 
F F B  Fx ˆi  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ 
rB/ A rB/ A rB / A
 
In terms of the direction cosines
î ˆj
 

F  Fuˆ B/ A  F u x ˆi  u y ˆj  u z kˆ

F  F cos  iˆ  F cos  ˆj  F cos  kˆ  Fx ˆi  Fy ˆj  Fz kˆ

u^  A / B=− u^ B / A
Vector dot product applications
û F = u xFˆi + u yF ˆj+ u zF kˆ

F=Fx ˆi + Fy ˆj+ Fz kˆ

 û P = u xP ˆi + u yP ˆj+ u zP kˆ

P=Px ˆi + Py ˆj+ Pz kˆ
Angle between two lines
Fx Px + Fy Py + Fz Pz
In terms of the Cartesian components of two vectors F and P cosθ=
FP
In terms of the unit vectors of two lines cosθ = u xF u xP + u yF u yP + u zF u zP

Projection of F on the line of P

In terms of the Cartesian components of the force and the unit vector of the line
FP =  Fx u xP  +  Fy u yP  +  Fz u zP 

In terms of the magnitude of the force and the angle between the line of action of the force
and the line
FP =Fcosθ
 9- The space shuttle uses radar to determine the magnitude and direction position vectors to satellites A and B as

satellite Magnitude of the position vector cosa cosb cosg

A rOA = 2 km 0.768 -0.384 0.512
B rOB = 4 km 0.743 0.557 -0.371

Determine the distance between the two satellites

z

A
O
y

B
x
Solution satellite Magnitude of the position vector cosa cosb cosg
A rOA = 2 km 0.768 -0.384 0.512
B rOB = 4 km 0.743 0.557 -0.371
Determine the distance between the two satellites, (points) z
Apply the relation

 xB  xA    yB  yA    zB  z A 
2 2 2
rB / A 
A  x A , yA , z A 
Thus the problem is reduced to finding the coordinate of points A and B
O(0,0,0)
Apply the relations to get the coordinates
y
For line OA

x A  x O  rA / O cos  A x A  0  2  0.768   1.536 rB/ A
B
y A  y O  rA / O cos  A y A  0  2  0.384   0.768 B  xB, yB, zB 
x
z A  z O  rA / O cos  A z A  0  2  0.512   1.024
For line OA
x B  x O  rB / O cos  B x B  0  4  0.743  2.972
y B  y O  rB / O cos B y A  0  4  0.557   2.228
z B  x O  rB / O cos  B z A  0  4  0.371  1.484

Substitute in the above relation to get the distance

11- The collar C is fixed to rod AB and supports a weight W=20 N acting in the negative z direction as shown. Determine
the components of the weight that are parallel and perpendicular to rod AB.
Angle between the two lines
cosθ = u xF u xP + u yF u yP + u zFu zP z
A(4,0,4)
Unit vector of line AB

û B / A 
 x B  x A  ˆi   yB  yA  ˆj   zB  z A  kˆ
rB / A
W sin  θ W cos 
û B / A 
 0  4  ˆi   7  0  ˆj   0  4  kˆ   0.444iˆ  0.777ˆj  0.444kˆ O
4 7 4
2 2 2
B(0,7,0)
y
Unit vector of line of action of the weight x W=20 N
û   kˆ
W

cosθ = u xF u xP + u yF u yP + u zFu zP =  -0.444   0  + 0.777  0  -0.444  -1  0.444

θ = cos -1  0.444   63.64 o

Component of the weight parallel to rod AB W = Wcos  20  0.444   8.88 N

Component of the weight perpendicular to rod AB W = Wsin  20 sin 63.64 17.92 N

 10- Determine the smallest distance OC from the origin O to cable AB
Determine the coordinates of point C
z
Solution A(4,0,4)
For line OC to be the smallest (shortest) distance from O to the line , then OC must
be perpendicular to line AB, i.e. angle OCB is 90 degrees
C(x,y,z)
Unit vector of line
AB
 x  x A  ˆi   y B  yA  ˆj   z B  z A  kˆ
û B / A  B O
rB / A B(0,7,0)
x
û B / A 
 0  4  ˆi   7  0  ˆj   0  4  kˆ   0.444iˆ  0.777ˆj  0.444kˆ
y
4 2  7 2  42
Unit vector of line OC
 x  x O  ˆi   y C  yO  ˆj   z C  zO  kˆ
û C / O  C 
 x C  0  ˆi   yC  0  ˆj   zC  0  kˆ
rC / O x C2  y C2  z C2
Angle between the two lines
cosθ = u xF u xP + u yF u yP + u zFu zP
 x   yC   zC 
cos90 =  -0.444   C  + 0.777   -0.444  
 rC/O   rC/O   rC/O 
 x   y   z 
0 =  -0.444   C  + 0.777  C  -0.444  C  0 = - 0.444x C + 0.777y C - 0.444z C
 rC/O   rC/O   rC/O 

Equation in three unknowns, need two more equations?

 Engineering Mechanics – 20MECH01P
Timetable

week Gr. A Gr. B Main Subject Lecture Topics Tutorials

Saturday Monday
1 17/10 19/10 Statics Force Vectors -1 Introduction
2 24/10 26/10 Statics Force Vectors -2 Force vectors - 2D
3 31/10 2/11 Statics Particle Equilibrium Force vectors - 3D

4 7/11 9/11 Statics Moments and Couples Particle Equilibrium

5 14/11 16/11 Statics Force Couple Resultant Moments and Couples
6 21/11 23/11 Kinematics Rectilinear Motion Force Couple Resultant
7 28/11 30/11 Kinematics Projectile Motion Rectilinear
8 5/12 7/12 Kinematics Curvilinear Motion Projectiles/ second
McGraw assignment
9 12/12 14/12 Kinetics Force Acceleration Methods Curvilinear
10 26/11 28/12 Kinetics Work Energy Methods / Revision Force-Acceleration
11 2/1/21 4/1/21 Kinetics Impulse Momentum Methods / Revision Work-Energy
12 9/1/21 11/1/21 Kinetics Revision for missed lectures Impulse-Momentum
Moments and Couples

Great students are not great because of their TECHNIQUE

Nothing
They are great because of their is IMPOSSIBLE. The word itselfAndre
PASSION saysRieu
I’ M’ POSSIBLE
Quoted from Martha Graham Audrey
Adieu, Hepburn
little captain of my heart
 Alexander …
the force has the effect of moving a body
Aristotle
384 – 322 BC

Dear Aristotle,
Yes I agree with you, a force changes the state of motion of a body.
But instead of saying moving wouldn’t it be better to say TRANSLATING
and ROTATING.
Sir Isaac Newton
1642 - 1727
 translation translation and rotation rotation

The turning effect (rotating effect) the force produces with respect to a point is called the
MOMENT OF THE FORCE ABOUT POINT

How to measure the Moment of a Force about a point ?

Lecture Contents
Moment of a Force (2D) – Scalar Formulation
Moment of a Force Couple (2D) – Scalar Formulation
Moment of a Force (3D) – Vector Formulation

Nothing is IMPOSSIBLE. The word itself says I’ M’ POSSIBLE

Audrey Hepburn
Moment of a Force (2D)
Scalar Presentation
Moment of a Force
The Moment of a Force is a Vector
Moment and Torque
 Moment Arm
d is the shortest distance between the moment point and the line of
action of the force. This will always be a line perpendicular to the line of
action of the force, going to the point we are taking the moment about.

B is called the Moment point d

(pivot, center of rotation) B 90o

MB = F  d  line of action of the applied force

Body
Magnitude of the moment (turning
effect) of F about point B
A Point of application of F

F External applied force

When the force causes the body to rotate When the force causes the body to rotate
counterclockwise about a point, then we have clockwise about a point, then we have a
a Positive Sense Moment. Negative Sense Moment.
 F

d
A MA =dF MA =dF A
F

A
d=0
MA =dF=0

F
The Moment of a Force is a Vector Quantity
The moment of a force about a point is a vector quantity because it got DIRECTION and SENSE.

-z
positive sense Negative sense
+y y
y
MO MO

x x
O O

ment O
o
em
of th
n
e ctio +x
dir
+z
The moment of a force about a point will cause the object to rotate
clockwise (negative sense) or anticlockwise (positive sense)
The direction of the moment vector is perpendicular to the xy plane that
contains the applied force and the moment arm, (i.e the z axis). Right
hand rule.
Moment and Torque
Moment
If the body (lets say a beam) is fixed at one of its end, then
the force on the other end will tend to BEND IT
The turning effect of the force (in this case) will be referred
to as the bending MOMENT OF THE FORCE about the fixed
point

Torque
If the body is designed to rotate about a fixed point , then the force will tend to rotate it about such a point .
The turning effect of the force will be referred to as the TORQUE OF THE COUPLE about that point
 Solved Examples
Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.
Nelson Mandela
 Example-1

Determine the moment of F=100 N force about the origin using three different methods

y F=100 N
4m 15

3m

x
O
Solution
First method
1- the moment of F=100 N force about the origin employing the perpendicular distance from the origin to
the line of action of F as the moment arm.

y F=100 N
4m B 15
C 15
DC = 4tan15 = 1.072m
D
d 15
3m
OD = OC – DC = 3 - 1.072 = 1.928m
d = ODcos15
x
O A
MO =F  d  =100  d 

d = ODcos15 =1.928cos15 = 1.86 m

MO =F  d  =  100  1.86  = -186 N.m

Second method
2- the moment of F=100 N force about the origin employing the components of F parallel and
perpendicular to line BO
y y
F=100cos 

 B
C 4m B 15 F=100 N C 4m

F =100s in 
5m
3m 3m

O x O x
A A

MO = -F⊥  d  =-  100s inα   5 

Second method
y

3
ta n  = 
4 C 4m B 15
F=100 N
 = 36.87
 = 36.87 -15 = 21.87
5m
3m

O  x
A
MO = -F⊥  d  =-  100s inα   5 

MO = -F⊥  d  =-  100 s in21.87   5 

MO =  37.2  5  =  186 N.m

Third method y
C 4m B 15 F=100 N
3- the moment of F=100 N force about the origin
employing the Cartesian components of F

3m
MO = - 96.6  3  + 25.882  4  =  186 N.m

O x
A
y 100s in15= 25.882 N

C 4m B
100cos 15=96.6 N

3m

O A x
 C
Example-2
45 1.8m
Two men exert forces F=400 N and P=250 N B
on the ropes.
1- For h=3.6m, determine the moment of each
force about point A by evaluating the horizontal
and vertical components of each force. Which h 3
way will the pole rotate, clockwise or P =250N 4
counterclockwise?
2- Determine the value of h if it is required that F=400N
the total moment about A is zero. A
3- Can the moment about A be evaluated by
another method?
Solution
1- for h=3.6m, determine the moment of each force about point A. Which way will the pole rotate,
clockwise or counterclockwise?
C 250cos 45 C

45 1.8m 250s in45 1.8m

B B 4
400  
5

3 
400  
5 
h 3 h
P =250N 4

F=400N
A A

4
M A = - 400    3.6  +250sin45  5.4  =-197.4 N.m
5
2- Determine the value of h if it is required that the total moment about A is zero
4
M A = - 400    h  +250sin45  1.8+h  = 0
5
Example-3
Determine the resultant moment of the force couple system shown about point A

300N 250N
1m 2m 3m
3
C 4
D E
400N.m
2m

B
60

500N 3m

A
Solution 3
250   150
300N 5 250N
1m 2m 3m
3  4   200
250
C  
4 5
D E
400N.m
2m
500 cos 60  250 B
60
500sin 60  433.013
500N 3m

M A = 200  5  -150  5  -300  2  + 250  3 + 400 = 800 N.m

Question
If a force is added to balance the structure, what will be its magnitude?
Example-4
The power pole supports the three lines, each line exerting a vertical force on the pole due
to its weight as shown.
1- Determine the resultant moment at the base D due to all of these forces.
2- If it is possible for the wind to snap the lines, determine which line(s) when removed
create(s) a condition for the greatest moment about the base D. What is this resultant
moment.
B
450 N
C
1.0m
700 N
A
1.1m 400 N
1.5m

D
Solution
1- Determine the resultant moment at the base D due to all of these forces.
B

M D = - 400  1.5  - 450  1.0   700  1.1 C

450 N
1.0m
700 N
M D = -600 - 450 + 770 = -280 N.m A
1.1m 400 N

2- If it is possible for the wind to snap the lines, determine which 1.5m
line(s) when removed create(s) a condition for the greatest moment
about the base D. What is this resultant moment.

D
 Example-5 Ay

Five forces act on a link in Ax

the gear shifting mechanism A
of a lawn mower. The vector
25 kN
sum of the five forces on
the bar is zero. The sum of 20o
their moments about point
A is zero. Determine the 0.65 m
forces Ax, Ay, and F.
30 kN 0.45 m

45o F
0.65 m 0.35 m B
Solution Ay
The vector sum of the five forces on the bar is zero. Ax
R x =A x -30cos45 + 25cos20 + F=0 A
25 kN

R y =A y + 30sin45 + 25sin20=0 45o 20o

0.65 m
The sum of their moments about point A is zero.
0.45 m
M A = F(0.65) +25cos20 (0.2) 30 kN

+25sin20 (0.65+0.35)=0 45o F

Solve to get
A x =18.12 kN A y =-29.76 kN F=-13.25 kN 0.65 m 0.35 m B

Ay
29.76
A 25sin20 Ax 25 sin20
A 18.12 kN A
0.2m
2525
cos20
kN
0.2m
o
25 cos20
45 20o
0.65
0.45 m
m 0.45 m
0.45 m 30 sin45 0.45 m
30 kN 0.45 m
F
30cos45 F
0.65 m 45o 0.35 m B 13.25
0.65 m 0.65 m 0.35 m B
0.35 m B
Time for a coffee break
Moment of a Force Couple (2D) – Scalar Formulation
 F
A A A

F F F

translation Translation and rotation rotation

Force Couple
A Force Couple consists of TWO FORCES with the
following properties:
d

equal in magnitude F F
parallel but not collinear
opposite in sense

the moment (torque) of the couple = force F multiplied

by the perpendicular distance d between the lines of
actions of the two forces.

M=dF N.m
Why The Moment of a Force Couple is a Free Vector
10N The moment of the couple about point A: 40 N.m
4m M A =-10  4  =-40
D C A
2m G 1m The moment of the couple about point B:
0.5m
A B M B =-10  4  = -40 40 N.m

10N B

The moment of the couple about point G: 40 N.m

the moment of the couple is
M=F  d  = -10  4  =-40 N.m
4m
D C
2m
40 N.m
A B
M G =-10  3 -10  1 = -40
G
Conclusion
The moment of the couple is the same about any point, i.e.
M A =M B =M G = ...... =M= -40 N.m
Since the moment of a couple is independent of the moment point,
we call the moment of a couple a
FREE VECTOR
Example-6
Two 80 N forces are applied as shown to the corners B and D of a rectangular plate.
1- Determine the moment of the couple formed by the two forces by resolving each force into
horizontal and vertical components and adding the moments of the two resulting couples.
2- Use the result obtained to determine the perpendicular distance between lines BE and DF

D E C

50
80 N
3m

80 N
50

A B
F
5m
Solution
1- Determine the moment of the couple formed by the two forces by resolving each force into horizontal and
vertical components and adding the moments of the two resulting couples.

D 80sin50 = 61.28 N
D E C C
50
80cos50 = 51.42 N
80 N d 3m 3m
80 N
80cos50 = 51.42 N
50
A F B A 5m 80sin50 = 61.28 N B
5m
M = - 61.28  3 + 51.42  5  = 73.26 N.m
2- Use the result obtained to determine the perpendicular distance between lines BE and DF
M = F d
73.26 = 80  d 
d = 0.916 m
Example-7
The two couples act on the structure as shown. Determine the magnitude of F so
that the resultant couple moment is 200N.m clockwise

F
4
3
30
2m 2m 2m
150N

2m 150N 4
F
30
3

2m
Solution
F 0.8F
4
3 0.6F 129.9
30 2m
2m
2m 2m 2m 2m 75
150N
0.6F
0.8F
2m 150N 4 2m
F
30
3
129.9
75
2m 2m

M =-75  4  -129.9  4  + 0.8F  2  + 0.6F  2  =  200

Solve to get F
 Example- 8 D 4m 4m
C
Replace the 800 N.m couple by two forces acting at points M  800 N.m 2m
A and C
G
2m
A B
Solution
F
D 4m 4m F
C
2m D 4m 4m 
C
G 2m
2m
A B d 2m
M=800 =8F
F A  B
F=100N D 4m 4m C F
F M=800 =dF
2m
G
F 2m
A M=800 =4F B

F=200N
Moment of a Force (3D) – Vector Formulation
The Moment Vector and The Vector Product
Evaluation of the vector cross product using DETERMINANTs
Solved Examples

4 Aim for the MOON. If you miss, you may hit a STAR
2 W. Clement Stone
The cross product between
  two  vectors A and B is an operation defined as
A x B=C

C 
where B
Vector C is normal to the plane containing vectors A and B.

The magnitude of vector C is given as  A
C = ABsinθ
q Is the angle between the lines of action of A and B where 0<= q<=180
The cross product is not commutative, i.e.
   
A x B=  Bx A

Evaluation of the vector cross product using DETERMINANTs

ˆi ˆj kˆ
 
A x B = Ax Ay Az
Bx By Bz
Expansion of the determinant
ˆi ˆj kˆ ˆi ˆj kˆ
   
A x B = Ax Ay Az AxB= A x Ay Az
Bx By Bz
Bx By Bz
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 
  Ay Az A Az ˆ Ax Ay AxB= A x Ay Az
A x B= ˆi - x j + kˆ Bx By Bz
By Bz Bx Bz Bx By

ˆi ˆj kˆ
   
 
A x B= A y Bz - A z B y ˆi -  A x Bz - A z Bx  j + A x B y - A y Bx kˆ
ˆ  
AxB= A x Ay Az
Bx By Bz
The cross product between two vectors may be used to determine; û

1- the direction normal to the plane containing two vectors, 

   C 
ˆ  ABsinθ  uˆ
A x B = C = C u= B


u is the unit vector normal to the plane containing A and B  A
according to the right hand rule.

C
û = 
C B
Bsin
2- The area of the parallelogram formed by two vectors, and 

area = ABsinθ A
û


M
3- The moment of a force about a point in three dimensions. 
 
  A r F
MA = r x F 
3- The Moment Vector and The Vector Product   
MA  rB/ A xF
The moment vector can be defined as the vector product
of the moment arm vector and the force vector
  
M A =rB/A xF 
A rB / A
where  B 
1- The moment arm vector is a line extending from
F
the moment point to any point on the line of action
of the force. Not necessary perpendicular to the line
of action of F
2- The moment vector M is perpendicular to the plane
containing vectors r and F and normal to both vectors.
   
3- The vector cross product is not commutative r x F   F x r

4- The positive sense of rotation : anticlockwise (counterclockwise)

5- The negative sense of rotation : clockwise

 
6- The magnitude of the vector M (the product) is M  rB / A x F  rB / A F s in 
Note   
MA  rB/ A xF
In the definition
 of the moment
 vector

MA  rB/ A xF
The moment arm vector is a line extending from
the axis of rotation, (moment point), to any point
on the line of action of the force 
A rB / A
B 
why any point, why not a specific point, or the d 
90 
perpendicular distance?
F
M  rF s in   F  r s in    Fd
A

d r1 r2
1 2
F B B’
d = r1sinθ1 = r2sinθ 2 =...
   
MA  rB/ A xF
Evaluation of the vector cross product using DETERMINANTs
  
M A =rB/A xF
where
 
rB / A  rx ˆi  ry ˆj  rz kˆ   xB  x A  ˆi   y B  y A  ˆj   z B  z A  kˆ A

rB / A
B

and F

F=Fx ˆi+Fy ˆj+Fz kˆ
thus
ˆi ˆj kˆ ˆi ˆj kˆ
  
M A =rB/A xF = r ry rz = x B -x A y B -y A z B -z A
x

Fx Fy Fz Fx Fy Fz
Expansion of the Moment Determinant (rectangular components)

  
M A = ry Fz -rz Fy ˆi -  rx Fz -rz Fx  ˆj + rx Fy -ry Fx kˆ =M ˆi + M ˆj+M kˆ
x y z 
M A = M 2x + M 2y +M z2 magnitude
M x =ry Fz -rz Fy Moment of F about the x axis
M y  rz Fx -rx Fz Moment of F about the y axis
M z  rx Fy -ry Fx Moment of F about the z axis
To find the perpendicular distance between the line
of action of F and the moment point

MA = F d 
  
F MA  rB/A xF
d=
MA


A rB / A
B
d 
90 
F
Example 9
The tension in cable AB is 1400 N and in AC is 2100 N, determine
1- the moment of each force about point D
2- the perpendicular distance between point D and the line of action of each forces

A 0.4m
1.1m
TB/A
TC/A

0.6m

x
D B
1m y
C
 Solution
z

A 0.4m
1.1m
TB/A
TC/A
z
0.6m
A  0.4, 0, 0.6 

x 1400 N
D B
y 2100 N
1m

D  1.5, 0, 0 
x B  0,1, 0 

y
C  1.5,1, 0 
1- the moment of each force about point D z
A  0.4, 0, 0.6 
The Cartesian components of the 2100 N force
x C -x A ˆ y C -y A ˆ z C -z A ˆ
û C/A = i+ j+ k
rC/A rC/A rC/A
 2100 N 1400 N
 x C -x A  +  y C -y A  +  z C -z A 
2 2 2
rC/A =
 D  1.5, 0, 0 
 1.5-0.4  +  1-0  +  0-0.6 
2 2 2
rC/A = 1.6 x B  0,1, 0 

y
1.5-0.4 ˆ 1-0 ˆ 0-0.6 ˆ
û C/A = i+ j+ k =0.688iˆ + 0.625j-
ˆ 0.375k
ˆ
1.6 1.6 1.6 C  1.5,1, 0 

Fx  Fu x =2100  0.688  1444.8

Fy  Fu y =2100  0.625  1312.5
Fz  Fu z =2100  -0.375    787.5 ˆi ˆj kˆ

The Cartesian components of the moment arm DC M D = rx ry rz
rx =x C - x D =1.5-1.5=0 Fx Fy Fz
ry =y C - y D =1-0=1
rz =z C - z D = 0-0=0
ˆi ˆj kˆ

MD = 0 1 0  
=  -787.5 - 0  ˆi +  0  -jˆ +  0-1444.8  kˆ =-787.5iˆ - 1444.8kˆ
1444.8 1312.5 -787.5
1- the moment of each force about point D z
A  0.4, 0, 0.6 
The Cartesian components of the 1400 N force
x B -x A ˆ y B -y A ˆ z B -z A ˆ
û B/A = i+ j+ k
rB/A rB/A rB/A
 2100 N 1400 N
 x B -x A  +  y B -y A  +  z B -z A 
2 2 2
rB/A =
 D  1.5, 0, 0 
 0-0.4  +  1-0  +  0-0.6 
2 2 2
rB/A = 1.23 x B  0,1, 0 

y
0-0.4 ˆ 1-0 ˆ 0-0.6 ˆ
û C/A = i+ j+ k= - 0.325iˆ + 0.813j-
ˆ 0.488kˆ
1.23 1.23 1.23 C  1.5,1, 0 

Fx  Fu x =1400  -0.325   455

Fy  Fu y =1400  0.813 1138.2
Fz  Fu z =1400  -0.488    683.2 ˆi ˆj kˆ

The Cartesian components of the moment arm DB M D = rx ry rz
rx =x B - x D = 0-1.5= -1.5 Fx Fy Fz
ry =y B - y D =1-0=1
rz =z B - z D = 0-0=0
ˆi ˆj kˆ

M D = -1.5 1 0  
=  -683.2 - 0  ˆi +  1024.8  -jˆ +  -1707.3-145  kˆ =-683.2iˆ -1024.8j-1852.3k
ˆ ˆ
445 1138.2 -683.2
2- the perpendicular distance between point D and the line of actions of the forces
M D =F  d 
F=2100 N F=1400 N

 
M D =-787.5iˆ - 1444.8kˆ M D =-683.2iˆ -1024.8j-1852.3k
ˆ ˆ

 -787.5  +  1444.8  1645.48

2 2
MD = M D = 683.22 +1024.82 +1852.32 1497.8

1645.48 = 2100  d  1497.8 =1400  d 

1497.8
1645.48 d= =1.07 m
d= = 0.78 m 1400
2100
Problems
Problems

Success is not final

Failure is not fatal
It is the courage to continue that counts
Winston Churchill
Tutorial -1
A force has zero moment about any point on its line of action. Yes or No

Tutorial -2
Calculate (using three methods) the moment of the force F=12 kN about point O

y F
60o

1m

x
O 2m
Tutorial-3
For the system of forces shown the following is required;
1- The moment of each force about point C.
2- The total moment about point C
3- The perpendicular distance between the moment point and the 20N
line of action of the 20 N force.
y
A  0.6,0.3  60 o

30N

B  0.15,0.1

90 o

C  -0.2,-0.18 
 y
Tutorial -4 A(1,3) Tutorial -3
Calculate the moment of the 20 N force shown about the origin O 60
and point B
F=20N B

O x
B(1,0)
Tutorial-5 2000 N

Determine the moment of the 2000 N forces about point A. 6m

100 N Tutorial-4 C 3m 75o

A

A 60o 80 N

0.5m 50o Tutorial -6

B Calculate the total moment of both forces about point C

1.2m

Tutorial -5 30o C
Tutorial -7
Determine the moment of the couple force F = (-20 i – 40 j + 40 k ) N whose two lines of action are AB
{ A(3,2,0) and B(2,0,2) } and CD { C(0,1,2) and (1,3,0) }.

Tutorial -8 F
5
The magnitude of the horizontal component of F is 360 N. Determine : 3
12
(a) The force F ,
2
(b) The moment of F with respect to point A. , and A
(c) The perpendicular distance from A to the line of action of F (moment
arm)
A

Tutorial -9
Determine the moment of the force system shown with respect to point 60 N
O
O and point A 20 N 5
3

4
100 N
Tutorial -10
A 600 N force is applied to the wheel as shown. Determine the moment of this force about ;
a- the center C,
b- the corner B on the curb.

0.5m

600N
30o C
B
45o
A 0.15m
Tutorial -11

A crate resting on the ground is acted upon by the 150 N force shown. Determine the moment of this force
about corner A
a- by determining the lever arm of the force,
b- by replacing the force by its components acting at point B,
c- by replacing the force by its components acting at some convenient point on its line of action

150 N
3m D
B
2m

A C
 Tutorial 12
y 15 N
1.6 m
A 15 N force is applied to the flange 20o
of the H beam as shown. Determine P
the moment of this force about the
center C of the cross section by;
(a) evaluating the moment arm of
1m
Q
the force.
(b) considering horizontal and x
vertical force components acting C
at the flange point P,
(c) considering force components
parallel and perpendicular to line
PC acting at the flange point P.
 Similar to Example-2

A 5 N force is applied to the flange of the H beam as shown. Determine the moment of this
force about the center O of the cross section by;
(a) evaluating the moment arm of the force.
(b) considering horizontal and vertical force components acting at the flange point B,
(c) considering force components parallel and perpendicular to line BO acting at the flange at
point B. y
5N
1.0 m
30o
B

A 0.8 m

O
x
 y
A2-10 Calculate the moment of the 10 N force shown with
C(0,12)
respect to point O as shown.
A(4,9)

rA/O F=10N

x
O B(16,0)

E
F
A2-11 The two forces shown have a
3m magnitude of 50 N and are oppositely
O 4m y directed. Find the moment of the couple
A that they constitute.
-F
D 2m
4m B

C
x
Tutorial -13
Determine the moment of the 2 kN force about;
a- corner A,
b- corner B

2 kN

0.1m
A

0.2m
0.3m B
Tutorial -14

The 13 N force is directed along the line from point A(2,-3,6) to point B(-4,3,8), Determine;
a- The moment vector of F about point C,
b- The magnitude of the moment
c- The unit vector of the line of action of the moment vector
d- The direction cosines of the line of action of the moment vector
e- The perpendicular distance between the moment point and the line of action of F

B  -4,3,8 

F=13N

A  2,-3,6  C  6,2,0 
Tutorial-15
a- Determine the moment of the 100N force about point C.
b- The perpendicular distance between the moment point and the line of action of F

B  -4,5,8 

100 N

y
A  5,3,-2 

x
C  7,8,0 
Tutorial-17
a- Determine the moment of the 100N force about point C. Two of the direction angles of line AB are
a=g=90 degrees.
b- The perpendicular distance between the moment point and the line of action of F

100 N

C  -2,8,2 