HISTORY AND

THE
HISTORIAN
 HISTORY AND THE HISTORIAN
Facts cannot speak for
themselves. It is the
historian’s job not just to seek
historical evidences and facts
but also to interpret them. It
is their job to give meaning to
these facts and organize
them into timeline, establish
causes, and write history.
 HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY

It comprises certain

techniques and rules that
historians follow in order
to properly utilize
sources and historical
evidences in writing
HIS TORICA
L
S OURCES
 HISTORICAL SOURCES
Two Classification:
1. Primary Sources
2. Secondary Sources
 PRIMARY SOURCES
Are those sources
produced at the same
time as the event,
period, or subject being
studied
 PRIMARY SOURCES
Ex: (Commonwealth 1935)
- Minutes
- Newspaper clippings
- Records
- Photographs
- Eyewitness(es)
SECONDARY SOURCES
Are those sources
produced by an author
who used primary
sources to produce
the material
 SECONDARY SOURCES
Ex: (Phil. Revolution 1935)
- Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt
of the Masses 1956
 HISTORICAL SOURCES
When examining a
source, the historian must
conduct:
(a). External Criticism
(b). Internal
 EXTERNAL CRITICISM
- the practice of verifying the
authenticity of evidence by
examining the physical
characteristics; consistency with
the historical characteristic of the
time when it was produced, and
the materials used for the
evidence
 INTERNAL CRITICISM
- Is the examination of the
truthfulness and factuality of the
evidence. It looks at the content
of the source and examines the
circumstance of its production. It
could be done by looking at the
author, its context, agenda, the
purpose behind its creation
 DECEPTION CASES IN
PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
-Hoax Code
of
Kalantiaw
-Ferdinand Marcos
as WWII Soldier
 HOAX CODE OF KALANTIAW
- The code was a set of rules
contained in an epic Maragtas
which was allegedly written by
Datu Kalantiaw. The document
was sold to National Library and
was regarded as an important
precolonial document
 HOAX CODE OF KALANTIAW
- In 1968, an American
historian William Henry Scott
debunked the authenticity of
the code due to lack of
evidence to prove that the
code existed in precolonial
Philippine society.
 FERDINAND MARCOS AS
WORLD WAR II
SOLDIER
- This was widely believed by
students of history and Marcos
had war medals to show. This
claim was disproven when
historian counterchecked
Marcos’s claims with the war