Action and Emotion

Man does an act with emotion and feeling not like a

robot. In doing this act , man does not only evoke
certain sentiments , but his decisions or intention to
perform is swayed by his emotions
Emotions are generally instinctive in origin. Neither
the degree of their intensity , clarity or awareness
makes them human acts to judged as good or evil. It
means simply that mans thoughts and actions are
colored by his emotions.
Moral perfection comes from within, We Filipinos,
refer to its as “Kagandahang Loob” it is loob because
from within the human personality
Kagandahan ng loob refers to attitude and it
stands for all that is good , we call kaibigan , in
a human being . It is the multiplicity of sterling
qualities , both natural and acquired , which
because they proceed from the hearts and minds
and it also greatly influenced ones behavior
towards himself and others
Kagandahan ng loob includes such moral values
as mapagmahal, may pakiramdam, may
pakikiramay, matulungin, masayahin and hindi
mapagkunwari
 Rights and duties
Man is born with rights and duties and having
rights is an attribute of a person. That is why
we have Commission on Human Rights that
addresses violations of such rights.
We insist on our rights but ignore our duties .
Duties however are more fundamental than
rights
The duty to do good and to avoid evil is above
all rights
 Definition of Right
Objectively- it is anything which is owed or due
Subjectively- that is as residing in a person ,
right is a moral power, bound to be respected
by others, of doing , possessing, or requiring
something
Kinds of Rights
1. Natural rights
2. Human rights
3. Civil rights
4. Ecclesiastical or religious rights
5. Alienable and inalienable rights
6. Right of Jurisdiction
7. Right of property
8. Juridical right
9. Non- Juridical rights
Natural rights- are those based on natural law , that
is on human nature
Human rights- are those based on human positive
laws . Either those enacted by the state or a religious
sect.
Ecclesiastical or religious rights- are those
dependent upon the laws of a church or a
religious sect
Civil rights- are those dependent upon the laws of
the state
Alienable or inalienable rights- Alienable rights
are those , civil or religious rights which can be
surrendered , renounced, or removed such as the
right to decent livelihood
Rights of Jurisdiction- is the power of lawful
authority to govern his subjects and to make laws
for them
Right of property- is the power to own , to sell, to
barter, to lend, to change, or give away ones
personal possessions
Juridical right- refers to all rights in so far as
they are based on laws. These rights must be
respected , allowed, fulfilled, as a matter of strict
justice
Non- Juridical rights are those which are founded
on laws either natural or human, but on virtue.
Thus , these are also called moral rights
 Definition of duty
Objectively- it is anything we are obliged to do or
to omit
Subjectively- it is a moral obligation incumbent
upon a person of doing , omitting, or avoiding
something
Duty is a moral obligation because it depends upon
freewill. As such it resides on a person. Duty is defined
by law , any willful neglect of duty makes the person
accountable for such act
Kinds of Duties
Natural duties- are those imposed by natural law such
as the duty to care for our health
Positive duties- are those imposed by a human
positive law such as the duty to pay taxes and to
observe traffic rules
Affirmative duties- are those which require the
performance of a certain act , such as casting a
ballot during election, applying for a business
license
Negative duties- are those which require the
omission of a certain act such as not carrying illegal
firearms , or not destroying the property of other
 Ethics as Value Education
Ethics relies solely on human reason to
investigate truths . Ethics takes the form of
Value Education. A value is something a person
prizes, cherishes, and esteems as important to
him. The aim of value education is to guide the
individual in choosing wisely his values and in
acting upon them.
Man is a person who possess an intellect( insight)
and will(volition). Person is considered as self or
ego which implies self sufficiency of the person
and implies worth of value
The first and most fundamental of the values is
self
For example- actions are values because they are
the result of intellect and will , motivated towards
something desirable ( another value)
Value is intimately related to the search for
meaning in human life. Life is meaningful when
a man has found something capable of arousing
his commitment to it , something deserving for
his best efforts , something worth living for and
worth dying
Values enable man to change, to establish self
control and self direction
Definitions of value
Values is a concept that describes the beliefs of an
individual or culture
A set of values may be placed into the notion of a
value system
Values are considered subjective and vary across
people and cultures
Values are ideas and norms man considers relevant and
good
It comes from the Latin word “valere” which means
to be strong or to be worth”
 Personal Values
Personal values evolve from circumstances with
the external world and can change overtime.
Integrity in the application of values refers to
its continuity ; persons have integrity , if they
apply their values approximately regardless of
arguments or negative reinforcement from others .
Values are applied appropriately when they are
applied in the right area
For example, it would be appropriate to apply
religious values in times of happiness as well as
in times of despair
Personal values are implicitly related to choice ; they
guide; they guide decisions by allowing for an
individuals choices to be compared to each choices
associated values
Personal values developed early in life may be
resistant to change . They may be derived from those
of particular groups of systems , such as culture,
religion, and political party, however personal values
are not universal; ones genes; family; nation and
historical environment help determine ones personal
values. This is not to say that the value concepts
themselves are not universal. Merely that each
individual possess a unique conception of them.
Example: A personal knowledge of the
appropriate values for their own genes , feelings
and experience
Personal value of other persons is dignity of that
other person
Types of values include
1. Ethical and moral values

2. Doctrinal/ ideological ( political, religious)

values
3. Social values and

4. Aesthetic values

It is debated whether some values are innate

Kinds of values- according to the level of human
life to which they correspond
1. Biological values

2. Sociological values
3. Rational values

Biological values- necessary to the physical

survival of man as an organism
4. Life and health

5. Food and shelter

6. work
Social values- necessary to the sensual needs and fulfillment
1. Leisure and sex

2. Marriage

3. Family and home

4. Parental authority

5. Education

Rational values- necessary to the functions and fulfillment of

intellect and will
6. Understanding and control of nature

7. Guide and control of oneself

8. Solidarity
9. Parental authority with fellowmen

10. religion