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HISTORY
MR. LEONIL MENDOZA
INSTRUCTOR
 HISTORY
Derived from the Greek Is the account of the History also
word “historia” which
past of a person or a focused on writing
means “knowledge
acquired through inquiry group of people about wars,
or investigation” through written revolutions, and
documents and other important
Also known as the study
historical evidences breakthroughs
of the past
NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY
It means that unless a written document
can prove a certain historical event, then it
cannot be considered as a historical fact.
 SOME VALID
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS

GOVERNMENT PERSONAL
ACCOUNT LETTER
CHRONICLE'S
ACCOUNT
DISCRIMINATION IN VALIDITY OF HISTORY
Restricting historical
evidence as exclusively
written is a discrimination
against other social
classes who were not Others got their historical
recorded in paper. documents burned or
destroyed in the events of
war or colonization.
Q U ES TIO NS
IS S U ES
OF H IS T OR Y
WHAT IS HISTORY? AND HISTORY FOR WHOM?

WHY STUDY HISTORY?

 TORIOGRAPH
HIS Y
Is the history of history It should not be It focuses on how a
certain historical text was
confused with History
It covers how historians written, who wrote it,
have studied and because history is the what was the context of
developed history study of the past, the its publication, what
including its sources, events that happened historical method was
techniques, and employed, what sources
in the past. were used
theoretical approaches
 Historians were

POSITIVISM required to show

written primary
documents in
order to write a
particular
Is the school of
thought that emerged
historical narrative.
between the 18th and
19th century. This
thought requires
empirical and
observable evidence
before one can claim
that a particular
knowledge is true.
 POST-COLONIALISM
Is the school of thought that emerged in the early
20th century when formerly colonized nations
grappled with the idea of creating their identities
and understanding their societies against the
shadows of their colonial past.
 TWO THINGS IN WRITING
HISTORY

Tell the history of their nation that will To criticize the methods,
highlight their identity free from that effects, and idea of
colonial discourse and knowledge colonialism
 HISTORY
AND
HISTORIANS
 HISTORY & HISTORIANS
Facts cannot speak for themselves. It is the
historian’s job not just to seek historical evidences
and facts but also to interpret them. It is their job to
give meaning to these facts and organize them into
timeline, establish causes, and write history.
 HISTORICAL
METHODOLOGY
It comprises certain techniques and rules that
historians follow in order to properly utilize sources
and historical evidences in writing history.
HISTORICAL
SOURCES
 TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF HISTORICAL
SOURCES

PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES

Are those sources produced at the same time as the Are those sources produced by an author who
event, period, or subject being studied used primary sources to produce the material.

Ex: (Commonwealth 1935) -Minutes -Newspaper Ex: (Phil. Revolution 1935) -Teodoro Agoncillo’s
clippings -Records -Photographs -Eyewitness(es) Revolt of the Masses
 HISTORICAL
SOURCES
When examining a source, the historian must
conduct: (a). External Criticism (b). Internal
Criticism
 EXTERNAL VS INTERNAL
CRITICISM
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence
by examining the physical characteristics;
consistency with the historical characteristic of the
time when it was produced, and the materials used
for the evidence
INTERNAL CRITICISM
Is the examination of the truthfulness and factuality of
the evidence. It looks at the content of the source
and examines the circumstance of its production. It
could be done by looking at the author, its context,
agenda, the purpose behind its creation
DECEPTION CASES IN
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 HOAX CODE OF
KALANTYAW
The code was a set of rules contained in an epic
Maragtas which was allegedly written by Datu
Kalantiaw. The document was sold to National
Library and was regarded as an important
precolonial document
 HOAX CODE OF
KALANTYAW
In 1968, an American historian William Henry Scott
debunked the authenticity of the code due to lack of
evidence to prove that the code existed in precolonial
Philippine society.
FERDINAND MARCOS AS
WORLD WAR II SOLDIER
This was widely believed by students of history and
Marcos had war medals to show. This claim was
disproven when historian counterchecked Marcos’s
claims with the war records of the United States.
Salamat!
Thank you for listening