UNITED NATION

PREPARED BY: MS. SHIELA MARIE G. STA.ANA

UNITED NATION
 The UNITED NATION is an intergovernmental organization was
established on 24 October 1945 promote international cooperation.
 A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was
created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict.
 At its founding, the UN had 51 member state; there are now 193.
 The UN headquarters is situated in Manhattan, New York City.
 The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from
its member states.
 Works in affiliation with Six (6) official languages.
(ARABIC, CHINESE, ENGLISH, FRENCH, RUSSIAN, and SPANISH)
THE CHARTER OF THE UN

 The United Nation Charter is the treaty that forms and establishes
the international organization called the UNITED NATIONS.
 It was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion
of United Nations Conference in International Organization, and
came into force on 24 October 1945.
 The Statue of International Court of Justice is an integral part of the
Charter.
PURPOSE

 To take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal

of threats to the peace.
 To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for
principle of equal rights and self-determination of people.
 To achieve international co-operation in solving international
problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human
rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinctions as to
race, sex, language and religion.
OBJECTIVE OF UN

 Maintaining International Peace and Security

 Promoting Human Rights
 Fostering Social and Economic Development
 Developing friendly International relations among World Nations.
 Providing humanitarian aid in case of famine; natural disaster and
armed conflict.
 Solving International problem of any nature (economic, cultural,
social)
PRINCIPLES OF THE UN

 ALL MEMBER STAE HAVE SOVERIEGN EQUALITY.

 ALL MERMBER STATE MUST OBEY THE CHARTER.
 COUNTRIES MUST TRY TO SETTLE THEIR DIFFERENCES BY
PEACEFUL MEANS.
 COUNTRIES MUST AVOID USING FORCE OR THREATENING
TO USE FORCE.
 THE UN MAY NOT INTERFERE IN THE DOMESTIC AFFAIORS
OF ANY COUNTRY.
 COUNTRIES SHOULD TRY TO ASSIST THE UNITED NATIONS.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OF THE UN
THE SIX PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UN:
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
 THE SECRETARIAT
 THE SECURITY COUNCIL
 THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
 THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
 THE TRESTEESHIP COUNCIL
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
 MAIN FUNCTION : Assessing member countries and deciding on
the budget.
 The only organ where every member state is represented.
 Consist of committees
 Convenes annually in September, special session can also be held.
 Voting on important questions or recommendations on peace and
security, budgetary concerns and the election, admission,
suspension, and expulsion of members, is by a two-thirds majority
of those present and voting.
THE SECURITY COUNCIL
THE SECURITY COUNCIL VOTES ON RESOLUTIONS CREATED
BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND DECIDES WETHER OR
NOT PUT AN ACTION / RESOLUTION INTO PLACE.
 FIVE PERMANENT MEMBERS: US, UK, FRANCE, RUSSIA,
CHINA. IF ANY OF THESE MEMBERS VOTE AGAISNT A
MEASURE IT IS VETOED.
 TEN NON-PERMANENT MEMBERS: AZERBAIJAN,
ARJENTINA, AUSTRALIA, GUATEMALA, REPUBLIC OF
KOREA, MOROCCO, TOGO, PAKISTAN, RWANDA, AND
LUXEMBOURG.
 NON PERMANENT MEMBERS ARE SELECTED FROM THE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SERVE A 2 YEAR TERM ON THE
SECURITY COUNTRY.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
(ECOSOC)

 THIS GROUP FOCUSES OM ISSUES THAT IMPACT THE

WORLD AND VARIOUS COUNTRIES ECONOMICALLY AND
SOCIALLY (this can be anything from drug trafficking, to rain
forest destruction).
 THERE ARE MANY SPECIALIZED COMMITTEES WITHIN
THIS COUNCIL.
 EACH MEMBER OF THIS COUNCIL HAS ONE VOTE, A
SIMPLE MAJORITY IN NEEDED TO PASS A RSOLUTION.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF
JUSTICE

 THE COURT IS LOCATED IN THE NETHERLANDS AND HAS

15 JUSTICES. IT’S PURPOSE IS TO SETTLE DISPUTES
BETWEEN NATIONS. IT ALSO ADVICES UN COMMITTEES
REGARDINGINTERNATIONAL LAWS.
 THE COURT CAN ONLY RESIDE OVER STATES THAT ARE
WILLING TO PARTICIPATE IN THE LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

 ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED

NATIONS, WAS ESTABLISHED TO HELP ENSURE THAT
TRUST TERRITORIES WERE ADMINISTERED IN THE BEST
INTEREST OF THEIR INHABITANTS AND OF
INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY.
THE SECRETARIAT

 THE UN SECRETARIAT IS HEADED BY THE SECRETARY

GENERAL, ASSISTED BY A STAFF OF INTERNATIONAL
CIVIL SERVANTS WORLDWIDE. IT PROVIDES STUDIES,
INFORMATIONS, AND FACILITIES NEEDED BY UNITED
NATIONS BODIES FOR THEIR MEETINGS. IT ALSO
CVARRIES OUT TASKS AS DIRECTED BY THE SECURITY
COUNCIL, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, THE ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL, AND THE OTHER UN BODIES.
VARIOUS AGENCIES OF UN

 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)

 UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF)
 UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL
ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)
 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (ILO)
 WORLD BANK GROUP (WB)
 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF)
 WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)
WHO

 A SPECIALIZED AGENCY OF THEUNITED

NATIONS (UN), WITH HEADQUATERS IN GENEVA,
SWITZERLAND. WHO WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1948.
THE SERVICES OF THE AGENCY MAY BE EITHER
ADVISORY OR TECHNICAL. ADVISORY SERVICES
INCLUDES AID IN TRAINING MEDICAL
PERSONNEL AND IN GIVING KNOWLEDGE OF
VARIOUS DISEASES.
UNICEF

 AGENCY OF UN DEVOTED TO THE WELFARE OF

CHILDREN. THE ORGANIZATION WAS
ESTABLISHED IN 1946 TO HELP CHILDRENIN
POST-World War 2 European and China. UNICEF
currently focusses on establishing programs that give long
– term benefits to children everywhere.
UNESCO

 ITS
PURPOSE IS TO CONTRIBUTE TO PEACE AND
SECURITY BY PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATION THROUGH EDUCATION,
SCIENCE, AND CULTURE IN ORDER TO FURTHER
UNIVERSAL RESPECT FOR JUSTICE, THE RULE OF
THE LAW, AND HUMAN RIGHTS ALONG WITH
FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOM PROCLAIMED IN THE
UN CHARTER.
ILO
 IMPROVE WORKINGCONDITIONS AND
EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES

WB
 IT IS THE
LARGEST AND MOST FAMOUS
DEVELOPMENT BANK IN THE WORLD AND IS AN
OBSERVER AT THE UNITED NATIONS
DEVELOPMENT GROUP.THE BANKS MISSION IS TO
REDUCE POVERTY.
IMF

 THERIMF WORKS TO FOSTER GLOBAL GROWTH

AND ECONOMIC STABILITY. IOT PROVIDES
POLICY ADVICE AND FINANCING TO MEMBERS IN
ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES AND ALSO WORKS
WITH DEVELOPING NATIONS TO HELP THEM
ACHIEVE MACROECONOMIC STABILITY AND
REDUCE POVERTY.
WTO

 THE WORLD TRADEORGANIZATION IS THE ONLY

GLOBAL INTERNATIONAL DEALING WITH THE
RULES AND TRADE BETWEEN NATIONS.
ROLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS

 ASSURANCE OF PEACE
 PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
It guarantees six (6) fundamental rights;

 RIGHT TO EQUALITY
 RIGHT TO FREEDOM
 RIGHT AGAISNT EXPLOITATION
 RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION
 CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS
 RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES