BSSPAR1: Chapter 2

Radio Resource Administration

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks

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Module Objectives

• Give an overview about the TDMA frame structure

• Describe the logical channels, their mapping to TDMA frames and their
parameters
• Demonstrate, how the signalling capacity effect the mapping of the logical
channels
• Describe the purpose of the Base Station Identity Code and the Training
Sequence Code
• Explain the use of frequency reuse and the fundamentals of frequency
hopping
• Discuss the parameter settings required for base band and RF frequency
hopping

3 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Basic TDMA Structure

5
4

e
3

tim
2
Physical channel 1
e.g. allocated to one 0
subscriber with FR voice 7
and no frequency hopping
6
5
4 TDMA frame
3 = 8 timeslots
2 ( 0.577ms * 8 = 4.615 ms)
1
0
7
6
5
4 2 2 2
3 TDMA frame
2
1
0
frequency
200 kHz
4 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Multi, Super & Hyper Frames

TDMA frame
numbering
2048 super frames = hyper frame

0 2047

0 1 2 Super frame = 26 x (51 multi frame) 48 49 50

0 1 or 51 x (26 multi frame) 24 25

0 1 2 24 25 0 1 22 49 50
49 50
26 multi frame = 120 ms 51 multi frame = 235 ms
(Traffic and associated signalling) (Signalling and Control channels)

0 7
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
5 © Nokia Siemens Networks
GSM Channel Organization

Logical Channels
for transport of specific content

mapping

MS Physical Channels
transport medium Base Station
Subsystem
Physical channel parameters
ARFCN
Time slot number
Frequency hopping algorithm

6 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Logical Channels
FCCH Frequency Correction Channel

SCH Synchronisation Channel

DL
BCH
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

CBCH Cell Broadcast Channel

Common
Channels
DL
PCH Paging Channel
UL
CCCH RACH Random Access Channel
DL
AGCH Access Grant Channel

SDCCH Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel

UL/DL
DCCH SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel

FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel

Dedicated
Channels
FR/HR Full rate / Halft rate TCH
UL/DL
TCH EFR Enhanced Full rate TCH

AMR FR/HR Adaptive multirate TCH (FR/HR)

7 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Traffic Channel Mapping

Full Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)

26 TDMA frames = 120 ms

t t t t t t t t t t t t sf t t t t t t t t t tf t t i

1 26
t = full rate TCH, s = SACCH/T, i = idle TDMA frame

Half Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)

26 TDMA frames = 120 ms

t t t t t t s t t t t t t
f f
T T T T T T T T T T T T S
...

1 26
t = half rate TCH, s = SACCH/T (first user)
T = half rate TCH, S = SACCH/T (second user) TDMA frame
8 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Signalling Channel Mapping
(BCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/C4)

Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51

f s f sf f s f s f s -

BCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH

SDCCH 0 SDCCH 2 SACCH
SDCCH 1 SDCCH 3 0/2 SACCH
1/3
Uplink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51

rr f r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r f r r

SACCH SDCCH 0 SDCCH 2

SDCCH 3 2/0 SACCH SDCCH 1
3/1
f = FCCH, s = SCH, r = RACH TDMA frame
- = dummy burst
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Signalling Channel Mapping
(BCCH +CCCH/9)

Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51

f s f sf f s f s f s -

BCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH

Uplink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51

r r r r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r r rf r r r r r r r r

f = FCCH, s = SCH, r = RACH TDMA frame

- = dummy burst

10 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Signalling Channel Mapping
(SDCCH/8 +SACCH/C4)

Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51

f i i i

SDCCH 0 SDCCH 2 SDCCH 4 SDCCH 6 SACCH SACCH

SDCCH 1 SDCCH 3 SDCCH 5 SDCCH 7 0/4 SACCH 2/6 SACCH
1/5 3/7
Uplink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51

f if i i

SACCH SDCCH 0 SDCCH 2 SDCCH 4 SDCCH 6 SACCH

SACCH 6/2 SACCH SDCCH 1 SDCCH 3 SDCCH 5 SDCCH 7 4/0
5/1 7/3

i = idle TDMA frame

11 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Signalling Channel Mapping

New improved CCCH features in RG10

•BSS20738 CS Paging Coordination in NMO II
•BSS21538 Extended CCCH
– Extended CCCH can be allocated to timeslot 2,4,6

•BSS101411 Extended BCCH

– For example Uncombined BCCH

12 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Channel Mapping
Parameter Setting

MO Class TR/RTSL
Parameter channelxType (CHx) where x = 0…7

Channel configuration defined by parameter channelType

TCHF (0) = full rate traffic channel

TCHH (1) = half rate traffic channel (Note OSC –double HR)
TCHD (2) = dual rate traffic channel
SDCCH (3) = standalone (SDCCH/8)
MBCCH (4) = broadcast control channel
MBCCHC (5) = BCCH + SDCCH/4
MBCCB (7) = BCCH + SDCCH/3 with CBCH
SDCCB (8) = SDCCH/7 with CBCH
NOTUSED (9) = timeslot has no radio definition or Abis allocation
ERACH (10) = random access channel of extended area
EGTCH (14) = EGPRS packed data traffic channel for extended area
LRTCH (15) = long reach traffic channel

Note:
• Some values not allowed in certain tsl (e.g. TSL0
can’t have value 8)
• PBCCH is not supported in S13 and onwards

13 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Dynamic SDCCH Allocation

When static SDCCHs overbooked  Free TCHs used for SDCCH traffic

Rules for dynamic SDCCH allocation:

• SDCCH is configured to TRX with least number of SDCCHs or no SDCCHs yet at all
• SDCCH is configured to TRX with least number of occupied channels
• If between different types of TCHs must be selected, the preference order is: HR, FR, DR
TCH
• DFCA: SDCCH and Dynamic SDCCH not supported on DFCA TRXs (only on regular TRX)

Exceptions:

• Configuration of any dynamic SDCCH resource in the BTS not possible

• Only one TCH of the BTS is available

Dynamic SDCCH allocation + FACCH call set up enabled simultaneously

 dynamic SDCCH allocation has higher priority

14 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Increased Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
BSS21113

S13 Feature (Licence Based)

• Up to 24 SDCCH channels for a BCCH TRX,

• Up to 32 SDCCH channels for a non-BCCH TRX
• Only supported by Ultrasite & Flexi BTS

Dynamic SDCCH must be activated in the BSC before Increased Dynamic SDCCH
Capacity can be activated.

TRXSIG of 64kbps is required for the feature

15 © Nokia Siemens Networks

 TCH_HR_RADIO_CONGESTION_TIME (sec)
TCH_FR_RADIO_CONGESTION_TIME (sec)
SDCCH Allocation
2 TRX=16 channels

PEAK_PERMANENT_GPRS_CH
SDCCH

SDCCH_CONG_TIME(sec)
BCCH

PEAK_GPRS_CHANNELS
TCH_PEAK_BUSY_HALF
TCH_PEAK_BUSY_FULL
AVE_SDCCH (SDCCH/8)

AVE_GPRS_CHANNELS
PEAK_PERMANENT_GPRS_CH

AVE_AVAIL_FULL_TCH
AVE_TCH_BUSY_FULL
PEAK_BUSY_SDCCH
AVE_GPRS_CHANNELS

AVE_BUSY_SDCCH
AVE_TCH_BUSY_FULL

PEAK_BUSY_TCH
16.0

14.0

12.0

TIME
10.0
12:00:00 AM 32 5.0 18 6.3 4.0 9 9 0 0 8.48 0 4.7 8 2
RTSL

8.0
1:00:00 AM 32 3.1 13 6.8 3.4 9 9 0 0 1.41 0 4.2 9 2
6.0
2:00:00 AM 32 1.7 12 5.2 2.9 7 7 0 0 0 0 5.8 9 2
4.0 3:00:00 AM 32 1.5 12 6.2 1.4 7 7 0 0 0 0 4.8 9 2
4:00:00 AM 32 1.6 10 8.0 1.7 5 5 0 0 0 0 3.0 9 2
2.0
5:00:00 AM 32 8.8 32 5.7 0.8 6 6 0 559 0 0 5.3 9 2
0.0 6:00:00 AM 32 5.2 18 4.3 1.1 6 6 0 0 0 0 6.7 9 2
7:00:00 AM 32 6.5 23 8.5 2.6 8 8 0 0 0 0 2.5 6 2
2:00:00 AM

4:00:00 PM
12:00:00 AM

4:00:00 AM

6:00:00 AM

8:00:00 AM

12:00:00 PM

2:00:00 PM

6:00:00 PM

8:00:00 PM

10:00:00 PM
10:00:00 AM

8:00:00 AM 32 4.8 20 6.6 2.2 7 7 0 0 0 0 4.4 9 2

9:00:00 AM 32 4.3 20 6.8 2.4 8 8 0 0 0 0 4.3 9 2
10:00:00 AM 32 5.2 32 7.5 2.6 9 9 0 2 0.21 0 3.5 9 2
11:00:00 AM 32 5.9 18 6.3 2.9 9 9 0 0 8.98 0 4.7 9 2
12:00:00 PM 32 5.9 19 6.8 3.9 9 9 0 0 13.52 0 4.2 8 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1:00:00 PM 32 7.3 24 6.4 3.4 9 9 0 0 8.96 0 4.6 9 2
TRX1 BCCH SDCCH SDCCH V/D V/D V/D V/D V/D 2:00:00 PM 32 6.8 30 6.2 3.9 9 9 0 0 44.05 0 4.8 8 2
TRX2 SDCCH SDCCH V/D V/D V/D V/D D D 3:00:00 PM 32 7.1 21 6.7 4.7 9 9 0 0 64.18 0 4.3 9 2
4:00:00 PM 32 7.7 23 6.6 3.9 9 9 0 0 25.61 0 4.4 8 2
5:00:00 PM 32 8.5 23 6.7 3.9 9 9 0 0 34.51 0 4.3 9 2
How SDCCH channels are planned? 6:00:00 PM
7:00:00 PM
32 10.7 27 8.3 5.9
32 11.1 28 8.4 5.6
9
9
9
9
0
0
0 320.58
0 217.77
0
0
2.7
2.6
7
9
2
2
8:00:00 PM 32 10.4 30 7.8 5.5 9 9 0 0 284.15 0 3.2 8 2
9:00:00 PM 32 9.3 26 7.5 5.3 9 9 0 0 217.65 0 3.5 8 2
10:00:00 PM 32 8.3 22 7.5 5.2 9 9 0 0 185.36 0 3.5 9 2
16 © Nokia Siemens Networks 11:00:00 PM 32 5.8 21 6.8 4.6 9 9 0 0 89.61 0 4.2 9 2
FACCH Call Set Up

Alternative to dynamic SDCCH allocation (for call setup case)

• Assignment of TCH to MS from CCCH instead of SDCCH
• Call set up on FACCH instead on SDCCH

Parameters (SEG Level)

newEstabCausesSupport (NECI) Y/N Enables feature is general

Parameters (BSC level)

ordinaryCallOnFacch (EOF) Y/N Enables ordinary call set up on FACCH

emerCallOnFacch (EEF) Y/N Enables emergency call set up on FACCH
reestablishOnFacch (ERF) Y/N Enables call reestablishment on FACCH
pagingAnsOnFacch (EPF) Y/N Enables answer to paging call setup on FACCH

17 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Paging Channel (PCH) Parameters
• Paging Channel (PCH) is a downlink channel, which is broadcast by all the BTSs of a Location Area in
the case of a mobile terminated call and SMS
• The PCH is used to carry Paging Request messages for mobiles that the network wants to contact

Mobile terminating call -> MSC performs paging

MS identifies paging message with the IMSI/TMSI

MS listens to own paging group only

SEG-BTS parameters

MO Abbreviated Range Description Default BSC - MML

Class Name And Step value Name
BTS noOfMFramesB 2...9, step Defines the number of multiframes between 4 MFR
etweenPaging 1 two transmissions of the same paging
message to the MSs of the same paging
group.

MSC parameters

Repaging Interval (INT) 0.5s…10s Time between consecutive paging

attempts
Repaging Attempts (AT) 0…5 Number of paging repetitions

Buffering

BTS stores up to 8 paging messages of the MSC in page group buffer

BTS sends paging messages to MS according noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging
18 © Nokia Siemens Networks
RACH Parameters
Random Access Channel (RACH) is the only uplink logical channel and the first point-to-point
channel in the common control channels. It is used by the mobile station to initiate a transaction, or
as a response to a PCH.

Mobile sends channel requests to BTS separated by random time intervals in case of no answer!

Parameters

MO Abbreviated Range And Step Description Default BSC - MML

Class Name value Name
BTS maxNumberRetra 1,2,4,7 Maximum number of retransmissions on the RACH 4 RET
nsmission that the MS can perform.

BTS nbrOfSlotsSpread MML Range: The number of TDMA frames over which 10 SLO
Trans 3..12, 14, 16, 20, retransmission is spread on the RACH (random
25, 32, 50 access channel)

UL interference => lots of

Random time interval between consecutive retransmissions retransmissions
t = S + random [0,.. numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans – 1] RACH slots

S depends on numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans
signalling channel mapping (CCCH + SDCCH combined or not in one multi frame)

numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans = 10
signalling channel mapping = not combined  S
= 58
Therefore t = 58..to..67 RACH slots
19 © Nokia Siemens Networks time channel requests
AGCH Parameters
• Is used to assign to a mobile a Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel(SDCCH) (DL)
• is used to assign radio resources to mobiles
• used to send an Immediate Assignment Reject to up to four mobiles in answer to requests for radio
resources if none are available. Each Immediate Assignment or Reject message is carried within one
CCCH block

Network gives the MS dedicated resources

Downlink CCCH blocks

• PCH can be used for AGCH messages
• AGCH cannot be used for PCH messages
Reservation of CCCH blocks for AGCH
For example, if we have a non-combined configuration and
AG=3, this means that of the nine CCCH blocks, three are
reserved for AGCH while the remaining six can be used for
either PCH or AGCH

noOfBlocksForAccessGrant (AG) 0..7 possible number, if CCCH and SDCCH are not combined
1..7 possible number, if CBCH is used in non combined
configuration
0..2 possible number, if CCCH and SDCCH are combined

Preference of AGCH messages on PCH

noOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0 PCH can be used only, if no paging messages have to be

send
=0 AGCH messages have higher priority than PCH ones

Number of paging groups

N = (number of CCCH blocks – noOfBlocksForAccessGrant) * noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging

20 © Nokia Siemens Networks
Example - Signaling capacity

Traffic profile Chs

1
1%
0.01
2%
0.02
3%
0.03
5% Chs
0.05 21
1%
12.80
2%
14.0
Call establishment 2 0.15 0.22 0.28 0.38 22 13.70 14.9
number of cells 100 3 0.46 0.60 0.72 0.90 23 14.50 15.8
number of subscriber 50000 4 0.87 1.09 1.26 1.52 24 15.30 16.6
5 1.36 1.66 1.88 2.22 25 16.10 17.5
authentication and ciphering (sec) 7 6 1.91 2.28 2.54 2.96 26 17.00 18.4
subs/cell 500 7 2.50 2.94 3.25 3.75 27 17.80 19.3
authentication and ciphering sec => Erl 0.001944 8 3.13 3.63 3.99 4.54 28 18.60 20.2
9 3.78 4.34 4.75 5.37 29 19.50 21.0
SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) 0.972222 10 4.46 5.08 5.53 6.22 30 20.30 21.9
11 5.16 5.84 6.33 7.08 31 21.20 22.8
SMS 12 5.88 6.61 7.14 7.95 32 22.00 23.7
13 6.61 7.40 7.97 8.83 33 22.90 24.6
SMS/ subs/hour 5 14 7.35 8.20 8.80 9.73 34 23.80 25.5
MHT for SMS (sec) 6 15 8.11 9.01 9.65 10.60 35 24.60 26.4
SMS traffic (sec => Erl) 0.001667 16 8.88 9.83 10.50 11.50 36 25.50 27.3
17 9.65 10.70 11.40 12.50 37 26.40 28.3
SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) 4.166667 18 10.40 11.50 12.20 13.40 38 27.30 29.2
19 11.20 12.30 13.10 14.30 39 28.10 30.1
20 12.00 13.20 14.00 15.20 40 29.00 31.0

Location update
LU / Call 1
authentication and ciphering (sec) 7
authentication and ciphering sec => Erl 0.001944
13 SDCCH channels needed
SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) 0.972222 =>BCCH + SDCCH/8 (not combined)
Total SDCCH 6.111111 =>BCCH + 2 SDCCH
Check from Erlang B Tabl,

21 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Erlang B Table
For reference in upcoming calculations

Chs 1% 2% 3% 5 % Chs 1% 2% 3% 5%
1 0 .0 1 0 .0 2 0 .0 3 0 .0 5 21 1 2 .8 0 1 4 .0 0 1 4 .9 0 1 6 .2 0
2 0 .1 5 0 .2 2 0 .2 8 0 .3 8 22 1 3 .7 0 1 4 .9 0 1 5 .8 0 1 7 .1 0
3 0 .4 6 0 .6 0 0 .7 2 0 .9 0 23 1 4 .5 0 1 5 .8 0 1 6 .7 0 1 8 .1 0
4 0 .8 7 1 .0 9 1 .2 6 1 .5 2 24 1 5 .3 0 1 6 .6 0 1 7 .6 0 1 9 .0 0
5 1 .3 6 1 .6 6 1 .8 8 2 .2 2 25 1 6 .1 0 1 7 .5 0 1 8 .5 0 2 0 .0 0
6 1 .9 1 2 .2 8 2 .5 4 2 .9 6 26 1 7 .0 0 1 8 .4 0 1 9 .4 0 2 0 .9 0
7 2 .5 0 2 .9 4 3 .2 5 3 .7 5 27 1 7 .8 0 1 9 .3 0 2 0 .3 0 2 1 .9 0
8 3 .1 3 3 .6 3 3 .9 9 4 .5 4 28 1 8 .6 0 2 0 .2 0 2 1 .2 0 2 2 .9 0
9 3 .7 8 4 .3 4 4 .7 5 5 .3 7 29 1 9 .5 0 2 1 .0 0 2 2 .1 0 2 3 .8 0
10 4 .4 6 5 .0 8 5 .5 3 6 .2 2 30 2 0 .3 0 2 1 .9 0 2 3 .1 0 2 4 .8 0
11 5 .1 6 5 .8 4 6 .3 3 7 .0 8 31 2 1 .2 0 2 2 .8 0 2 4 .0 0 2 5 .8 0
12 5 .8 8 6 .6 1 7 .1 4 7 .9 5 32 2 2 .0 0 2 3 .7 0 2 4 .9 0 2 6 .7 0
13 6 .6 1 7 .4 0 7 .9 7 8 .8 3 33 2 2 .9 0 2 4 .6 0 2 5 .8 0 2 7 .7 0
14 7 .3 5 8 .2 0 8 .8 0 9 .7 3 34 2 3 .8 0 2 5 .5 0 2 6 .8 0 2 8 .7 0
15 8 .1 1 9 .0 1 9 .6 5 1 0 .6 0 35 2 4 .6 0 2 6 .4 0 2 7 .7 0 2 9 .7 0
16 8 .8 8 9 .8 3 1 0 .5 0 1 1 .5 0 36 2 5 .5 0 2 7 .3 0 2 8 .6 0 3 0 .7 0
17 9 .6 5 1 0 .7 0 1 1 .4 0 1 2 .5 0 37 2 6 .4 0 2 8 .3 0 2 9 .6 0 3 1 .6 0
18 1 0 .4 0 1 1 .5 0 1 2 .2 0 1 3 .4 0 38 2 7 .3 0 2 9 .2 0 3 0 .5 0 3 2 .6 0
19 1 1 .2 0 1 2 .3 0 1 3 .1 0 1 4 .3 0 39 2 8 .1 0 3 0 .1 0 3 1 .5 0 3 3 .6 0
20 1 2 .0 0 1 3 .2 0 1 4 .0 0 1 5 .2 0 40 2 9 .0 0 3 1 .0 0 3 2 .4 0 3 4 .6 0

22 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Paging Capacity
Example

Combined CCCH / SDCCH configuration BTS 3 MS

noOfBlocksForAccessGrant = 1  2 CCCH blocks for PCH

Paging_Request

3 MSs paged per paging message  3 pages per block

2 blocks per multi frame  3 * 2 = 6 pages per multiframe BTS 3 MS

Number of pages per hour  3600 s / 0.235 s * 6 = 91915 Paging_Request

Avg of 2 pages required per MS  91915 / 2 = 45957 MSs per

hour

23 © Nokia Siemens Networks

SDCCH Signalling Capacity
Example with call Establishment & Location Update

Cell with 325 subscribers

1 call per subscriber once in a hour
1 location update (LU) per subscriber once in 2 hours

Duration of call assignment = 4 s  4 s / 3600 s = 1.11 mErl on SDCCH per subscriber

325 subscribers  325 * 1.11 mErl = 0.3607 Erl on SDCCH

Reservation time for LU = 5s  5 s / 7200 s = 0.69 mErl on SDCCH per subscriber

325 subscribers  0.2242 Erl on SDCCH

Total SDCCH traffic  0.3607 Erl + 0.2242 Erl = 0.5849 Erl

Blocking probability = 1%  4 SDCCHs required  SDCCH combined with
CCCH can be used (MBCCHC)

24 © Nokia Siemens Networks

SDCCH Signalling Capacity
Example including SMS

Same cell with 325 subscribers

Additional SMS traffic of 1 mErl per subscriber

325 subscribers  325 * 1 mErl = 0.325 Erl on SDCCH

Total SDCCH traffic  0.5849 + 0.325 Erl = 0.9099 Erl

Blocking probability = 1%  5 SDCCHs required  not combined with
CCCH (MBCCH)

25 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Base Station Identity Code

Base Station Identity Code BSIC = Network Colour Code NCC + Base Station Colour Code BCC

bsIdentityCode Setting of BSIC

NCC 0..7, distinguishes between PLMNs

BCC 0..7, distinguishes between clusters

BSIC + frequency channel  unique identity of adjacent cell

f1 bcc = 2
bcc = 1 f2
f1
f3
f1
bcc = 3

26 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Training Sequence Code

Training Sequence Code (TSC) 0…7

Defined on TRX level

Used to determine signal distortion and bit error rate
Note! In OSC TSC parameter is used to separate users
57 bits 26 bits 57 bits

training
3 encrypted bits 1 1 encrypted bits 3 Burst on TCH
sequence

tail bits stealing flag stealing flag tail bits

received burst
data* training sequence* data*

correlation difference data* ± difference = data

expected burst
? training sequence ?

27 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Defining Frequency carrier number

Example: GSM 900

Absolute radio frequency carrier number ARFCN

890 915 935 960

1 2 3 4 123 124 1 2 3 4 123 124

duplex distance

200 kHz

uplink direction downlink direction

28 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Frequency Reuse

Frequency to be used by TRX (must be unique within a BTS)

initialFrequency (FREQ) 1…1023 Setting of ARFCNs

GSM 800: 128 .. 251

GSM 900: 1..124 and 975..1023, 0
GSM 1800: 512..885
GSM 1900: 512..810

f2
f2 f1 f4
f1 f4 f3
f3 f5 f7
f5 f7 f6
f6 f2
f1 f4
f3
f5 f7
f6

29 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Frequency Information for MS

Idle mode  MS listens on BCCH

idleStateBCCHAllocation (IDLE) 0,1…2000 0 = MS gets frequency information from

adjacent cells defined for the BTS
1..2000 = MS gets frequency information from
the defined BCCH allocation list

Dedicated mode  MS listens on SACCH

measurementBCCHAllocation (ACT) ADJ = MS gets frequency information from

adjacent cells defined for the BTS
IDLE = active MS uses same BCCH freq list as
idle MS

Defining BA list

bCCHAllocationList ID 1…2000 Indicates ARFCN values given by BCCH

allocation list
frequencyBandinUse 800, 900, 1800, 1900, Multi

Frequency list of ARFCN in the BAL

30 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Principle of Frequency Hopping

Frequency hopping techniques

hoppingMode (HOP) BB,RF,N

BB = base band hopping (1)
RF = RF hopping (2)
N = no frequency hopping at all (0)

Frequency
Call is transmitted through several frequencies to
• average the interference (interference diversity)
• minimise the impact of fading (frequency diversity)

F1

F2

F3

Time

31 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Base Band Hopping

TRXs do not hop

Physical channels moved from one TRX to another

Hopping sequence
hoppingSequenceNumber (HSN) 0..63
0 = cyclic hopping
1..63 = pseudorandom hopping

Baseband Hopping

0 1 2 7 Timeslot

TRX 1 BC f1 HSN1 (BB hopping group 1 and RF hopping)

CH

f2
Timeslot 0 hops over TRXs 2-4 only
TRX 2
BCCH does not hop
TRX 3 f3

TRX 4 f4 HSN2 (BB hopping group 2)

Timeslots 1-7 hop over all TRXs

32 © Nokia Siemens Networks

RF Hopping
Standard technique

All TRXs hop except TRX1 (provides BCCH)

Up to 63 frequencies available defined by mobile allocation list -> better hopping gain

mobileAllocationList Setting of ARFCN values

usedMobileAllocation (MAL) 0,1...2000 0 = BTS detached from any list
1..2000 = indicates list which shall be used

0 1 2 7 Timeslot
TRX 1 BC
CH f1 – no hopping

TRX 2

f2,f3..fn – hopping according

TRX 3 mobile allocation list
One hopping sequence
number only
TRX 4

33 © Nokia Siemens Networks

RF Hopping
Freeform Hopping

Standard technique MAIO

Offset MAI
9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..8 TRX-1 (BCCH) -
But 3 frequencies available for every TRX only
TRX-2 0
Sector-1 0
Freeform hopping TRX-3 1
TRX-4 2
For every sector same
mobile allocation list
TRX-5 (BCCH) -
hopping sequence number
frame number (frame synchronization) TRX-6 3
Sector-2 3
TRX-7 4
For every sector different
TRX-8 5
starting points for hopping sequence
possible by mobile allocation index offset
TRX-9 (BCCH) -
maioOffset (MO) 0..62 TRX-10 6
Sector-3 6
TRX-11 7
setting of MAIO
TRX-12 8
9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..8
9 frequencies available for every TRX

34 © Nokia Siemens Networks

RF Hopping
Flexible MAIO Management

MAIO MAIO
Freeform hopping Offset Step MAI
TRX-1 (BCCH) -
• Not adequate for MA list with consecutive ARFCN TRX-2 0
Sector-1 0 2
values TRX-3 2
• Avoids co-channel interference but not adjacent TRX-4 4
channel interference
TRX-5 (BCCH) -
Flexible MAIO management
TRX-6 6
Sector-2 6 2
MAIO increases with constant step size from one TRX TRX-7 8
to the next one TRX-8 10

maioStep (MS) 1..62 TRX-9 (BCCH) -

TRX-10 12
maioOffset = 0, 6, 12 for sector 1, 2, 3 Sector-3 12 2
TRX-11 14
maioStep = 2
18 frequencies required (2 * number of hopping TRXs) TRX-12 16

35 © Nokia Siemens Networks

 Single MA List Planning Case
(1/1 Frequency allocation reuse) MAIO Example

MAI
MAIvalue
valuefor
foreach
eachTDMA
TDMAframe
frameisiscalculated
calculatedby
byBTS
BTS
and MS by using HSN and TDMA frame number
and MS by using HSN and TDMA frame number
MAIO
MAIOOffset
Offsetdetermines
determinesthe
the
MAIO of the first hopping
MAIO of the first hopping
TRX
TRXinineach
eachsector
sector

Site C

The
Thesectors
sectorsshare
share
the same HSN Transmitted
Transmittedfrequencies
frequenciesfor
foreach
eachTRX
TRX
the same HSN during each TDMA frame
MAIOs during each TDMA frame
MAIOsforforthe
therest
restofofthe
thehopping
hoppingTRXs
TRXs
are No
Noco-
co-ororadjacent
adjacentchannel
are determined by adding MAIO Steptoto
determined by adding MAIO Step channel
the interference
interference betweensectors
between
theMAIO
MAIOofofthe
theprevious
previoushopping
hoppingTRX
TRX sectors

36 © Nokia Siemens Networks

RF Hopping (Tight Frequency Reuse)

Freeform hopping Flexible MAIO management

MAIO Offset MAIO Offset + MAIO Step

Band allocation: Band allocation:

BCCH BCCH

MA list MA list
Non-adjacent ARFCN Consecutive ARFCN

MA list and BCCH frequency planning required Only BCCH frequency planning required
MA list and BCCH frequency planning required Only BCCH frequency planning required

37 © Nokia Siemens Networks

Changing Frequency Plan

• Plan downloaded to BSC/BTSs via MML or GUI

• File-based plan provisioning
• Immediate Plan activation method

BSIC / TSC
Frequencies
Frequency hopping setting
Intelligent underlay overlay TRX settings

38 © Nokia Siemens Networks