UHP TDMA EFFICIENCY

1
 UHP TDMA ALGORITHM
ADVANTAGES
• Unique TDMA algorithm that delivers up to 96.5%
channel efficiency compared with SCPC (the latter
typically achieving ~97%)
• Adaptive TDMA slots increasing link availability
under severe weather conditions and maximizing
throughput under normal conditions
• Variable Slot & Frame length allowing the system
to be customized to any kind of traffic
• Real BoD traffic requests are analyzed and BW is
allocated up to 20 times a second (10 typical)
• Jitter control where maximum jitter is ¼ of frame
length (can be as low as 8 ms)
STRUCTURE

Competing technology TDMA Frame (70-85% IP efficiency)

U
HDR Data CS
PRB
W

SCPC Frame (~97% IP efficiency)

HDR Data LDPCFEC

UHP Frame (96% IP efficiency)

UW HDR Data LDPCFEC

UNDERSTANDING UHP TDMA FRAME (ALGORITHM 1)
• Stations analyze the traffic arriving from the LAN via Ethernet-interface and request
appropriate bandwidth from the Hub; bandwidth allocations are transmitted by the Hub
in each TDMA-frame;
• The Hub (3 to 20 times per second) analyzes the current station requests to allocate
bandwidth in TDMA-frame;
• The Hub allocates resources to the stations in the form of a certain number of TDMA-
slots where a given station can transmit traffic. If the network capacity is insufficient to
transmit the traffic from all the stations, the resources allocated to the stations may be
less than the total requested resources. In such a case, the resources will be
allocated in accordance with the configured traffic distribution mechanisms
(CIR/MIR/Traffic Policies).
• Free Time Slots (TS) are always allocated to Idle stations to allow those to transmit
keep alive messages, BW requests or User Data. In case of a rapid increase (burst) of
traffic, UHP modem/router can buffer up to 1,000 packets. When carrier is congested,
Idle and Down TS are released according the BW request algorithm, which can be
customized with 4 different profiles for different types of traffic requests.
 A share of the bandwidth is allocated to idle stations so as to allow such stations to send requests for
A share of the bandwidth is allocated to idle stations so as to allow such stations to send requests for
resource allocation as well as to the stations not logged in to allow such stations to access the
resource
network; allocation as well as to the stations not logged in to allow such stations to access the
network;
Traffic from the station is transmitted within the bandwidth allocated by the Hub. The station
transmission is fully
thecontrolled
stationbyisthe Hub.
UNDERSTANDING
Traffic from UHP TDMA FRAME (ALGORITHM
transmitted
transmission is fully controlled by the Hub.
Hub.1)
within the bandwidth allocated by the
The station
TDMA-slot
Time
TDMA-slot
1 2 Time 16 2 2
TDMA-frame (length = 16 TDMA-slots) Next TDMA-frame
1 2 16 2 2
1 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 1 4 4 3 2 1 2 4 2 3
TDMA-frame
TDMA-frame (length(length = 16 TDMA-slots)
= 16 TDMA-slots) Next TDMA-frame
Next TDMA-frame

1 2 2 3 1 2 2 Figure
2 15 TDMA-frame
4 4 3structure
2 1 2 4 2 3
TDMA-frame consists of a set of TDMA-slots. It is necessary to specify the number of TDMA-slots forming the
TDMA-frame (length = 16 TDMA-slots) Next TDMA-frame
TDMA-frame in the Outroute controller configuration. TDMA-slot structure is shown above (see Figure 5).

TDMA-frame
Figure 5 TDMA-frame structure
Time
TDMA-frame consists of a set of TDMA-slots. It is necessary to specify the number of TDMA-slots forming the
TDMA-slot

TDMA-frameTime
in slot
the 1 Outroute controller
Time slot 2
configuration. TDMA-slot
Time slot 3
structure isTime
. . . . .
shown
slot n
above (see Figure 5).

TDMA-frame

UNIQUE Time
GAP BEGIN DATA FIELD LDPCFEC END
TDMA-slot WORD

10-25 sym 5 sym 11 sym Variable length Variable length 5 sym

Time slot 1 Time slot 2 Time slot 3 . . . . . Time slot n

Figure 6 TDMA-slot structure

GAP - Guard interval between TDMA-slots;
BEGIN - Time interval required to generate TDMA-carrier (TDMA-burst);
UNIQUE
GAP BEGIN DATA FIELD LDPCFEC END
Unique word - WORD
A combination of characters required for synchronization when processing TDMA-
slots;
 UNDERSTANDING UHP TDMA FRAME (ALGORITHM 2)

• Stations analyze the traffic arriving from the LAN via Ethernet-interface and accordingly
increase or decrease a 16 Bits Counter. With each transmitted frame, such counter is also
updated on HUB Allocation table, allowing the system to have more granularity and fast
response to requests for more bandwidth.
• The Hub (3 to 20 times per second) analyzes counters and allocates bandwidth at each
TDMA-frame;
• The Hub allocates resource to the stations in the form of a certain number of TDMA-slots
where a given station can transmit traffic. If the network capacity is insufficient to transmit
the traffic from all the stations, the resources allocated to the stations may be less than the
requested resources. In such a case, the resources will be allocated in accordance with the
configured traffic distribution mechanisms (CIR/MIR/TrafficPolicies).
• Free Time Slots (TS) are always allocated to allow Idle stations to transmit, keep alive
messages, BW requests or User Data. In case of traffic burst UHP can buffer up to 1,000
packets. When carrier is congested, Idle and Down TS are released according the BW
request algorithm which can be customized into 4 different profiles for different types of
traffic requests.
UNDERSTANDING UHP TDMA FRAME (ALGORITHM 2)

Source UHP Remote n HUB HUB

IP network IP network

16 Bits traffic Counter Remote n

Destination
0000000000000001 16 Bits traffic Counter
0000000000000001

Data+Counter

Data+Counter ⇅
JITTER CONTROL
• Real Time TS are allocated in a specific way so that during the allocated time its
position will always be in the same part of the frame.
• If packets of a given transmission need to be split into different slots or group of slots,
allocation interval will be ¼ of a frame, thus, maximum jitter equals to 1⁄4 of the frame
length.
CASE OF STUDY #1 Type of traffic:
Voice (18Kbps) and Corporate Data (Mixed)
Approach #1

*Adjusting TDMA frame length, traffic slots are adjusted to fit voice
packets and transmitted as Real Time Slots.
• Data Information is packetized in 18Kbps slots
• HUB will allocate and redistribute BW 9 times per second

Stations: 200
Carriers:1 Pros: High Efficiency, very Low Jitter
SR:1350Ksps
FEC: QPSK 5/6 Cons: Lower number of TS
Frame length: 96
Slot length 8 (320 Bytes)
Carrier Information Rate: 1800 Kbps
User Information rate: 2250 Kbps
Slot Information rate= 18.3 Kbps
Efficiency: 96.48%
Frame duration:111ms
CASE OF STUDY #1 Type of traffic:
Voice (18Kbps) and Corporate Data (Mixed)
Approach #2

• Frame length is significantly increased generating more allocation

resources of the system.
• Adjusting TDMA Slot & frame length, traffic slots are adjusted to
fit voice packets in to two consecutive slots and transmitted as
Real Time Slots.
• Data Information is packetized in 9.6Kbps slots
• HUB will allocate and redistribute BW 9 times per second.
Stations: 200
Carriers:1 Pros: Greater number of slots and lower
SR:1350Ksps data rate of basic unit(TS)
FEC: QPSK 5/6
Frame length: 216 Cons: Channel Efficiency reduced 3%
compared to Approach #1
Slot length 4 (160 Bytes)
Carrier Information Rate:2250 Kbps
User Information rate: 2095 Kbps
Slot Information rate= 9.6 Kbps
Efficiency: 93.14%
Frame duration:113ms
CASE OF STUDY #2 Type of traffic:
SCADA Traffic(4Kbps)+Voice(18 Kbps)+Data

• To optimize resources and avoid waste of unallocated slot space;

TDMA frame & slot length are adjusted according to the smallest
traffic to be transmitted.
• Real Time Data is grouped and transmitted in Real Time Slots.
• Data is allocated within MF-TDMA carriers.
• HUB will allocate and redistribute BW 5 times per second.

Stations: 1000
Carriers:3 Assumptions:
SR:550Ksps • Aggregated Throughput 3Mbps
FEC: 8PSK 2/3 • Max Burstable Rate per LB
Frame length: 252 calculation 1Mbps
Slot length 4 (128 Bytes)
Carrier Information Rate: 1240 Kbps
User Information rate: 1030 Kbps
Slot Information rate= 4.086Kbps
Efficiency: 92 %
Frame duration:200ms
CASE OF STUDY #3 Type of traffic:
SNG HD Video Over TDMA (5.5Mbps)
• During HD video transmission, all slots are a allocated to a single
remote, Idle stations will use remaining carrier slots (If any) and
second carrier.
• Due to shared nature of TDMA and high efficiency of UHP TDMA
carriers can be used to:
• 2xHD (@5.5Mbps) or 4xSD (@2.25Mbps)
• Real Time Data is grouped and transmitted on Real Time Slots.
• Data is allocated within MF-TDMA carriers.
• HUB will Allocate and redistribute BW 9 times per second
Stations: 700
Carriers:2 Assumptions:
SR:2700Ksps • Aggregated Throughput 12Mbps
FEC: 8PSK 5/6 • Max Burstable Rate per LB
Frame length: 252 calculation 6Mbps
Slot length 9 ( 360Bytes)
Carrier Information Rate: 6750 Kbps
User Information rate: 6445 Kbps
Slot Information rate= 25.8 Kbps
Efficiency: 96 %
Frame duration:110 ms