Electrical Machine Drives

Dr. Arsalan Arif

Electrical machinery Fundamentals

Stephen J. Chapman

AC machinery Fundamentals

Lecture #19
 Induced Voltage in a coil
 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
B
  ( 𝑡 )= 𝐵 𝑀 cos α

𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
  𝑤𝑖𝑡h𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦ω
 

𝐵
  ( 𝑡 )= 𝐵 𝑀 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜔 𝑡 −α )
 Induced Voltage in a coil
 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
B
  ( 𝑡 )= 𝐵 𝑀 cos α

𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
  𝑤𝑖𝑡h𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦ω
 

𝐵
  ( 𝑡 )= 𝐵 𝑀 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜔 𝑡 −α )

Segment ab α= 180

𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑑 =( 𝑣 × 𝐵 ) . 𝑙
 

 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑 =− 𝑣𝑏𝑙

  𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑 =− 𝑣𝑙 ¿
 Induced Voltage in a coil

𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑑 =( 𝑣 × 𝐵 ) . 𝑙

𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑑 =( 𝑣 × 𝐵 ) . 𝑙
Segment bc Segment da
  𝑒 𝑏𝑐 =0   𝑒 𝑑𝑎 =0
 Induced Voltage in a coil
 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟
B
  ( 𝑡 )= 𝐵 𝑀 cos α

𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
  𝑤𝑖𝑡h𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦ω
 

𝐵
  ( 𝑡 )= 𝐵 𝑀 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜔 𝑡 −α )

Segment cd α= 0

𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑑 =( 𝑣 × 𝐵 ) . 𝑙
 

 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑣𝑏𝑙

  𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑣𝑙 ¿
Induced Voltage in a coil
 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑 =𝑒 𝑏𝑎 +𝑒 𝑐𝑏 +𝑒 𝑑𝑐 +𝑒 𝑎𝑑

𝐶𝑜𝑠
  ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴 ∗𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐵+ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴 ∗ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐵
 

 𝑣 =𝑟 ω
 

 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝=2 𝑟𝑙

    𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙

𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑑 =𝑁 𝑐 𝛷 ω sin 𝜔 𝑡  If coil of stator has turns of wire
Simple rotating loop between poles
𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑑 =𝑁 𝑐 𝛷 ω sin 𝜔 𝑡
𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑑 =𝑁 𝑐 𝛷 ω cos (𝜔 𝑡 − 120)
𝑒  𝑖𝑛𝑑 =𝑁 𝑐 𝛷 ω cos (𝜔 𝑡 − 240)

RMS Voltage in 3 phase stator

Induced Torque in a coil
𝐵
  𝑆 ( α )= 𝐵𝑆 𝑆𝑖𝑛 α

Conductor 1 Conductor 2
 𝐹 =𝑖 (𝑙× 𝐵 )  𝐹 =𝑖 (𝑙× 𝐵 )
 𝐹=𝑖𝑙 𝐵𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( α ) 𝑈𝑝  𝐹=𝑖𝑙 𝐵𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( α ) 𝐷𝑜𝑤𝑛

 τ =𝑟 × 𝐹  τ =𝑟 × 𝐹
τ  =𝑟𝑖𝑙 𝐵 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛α τ  =𝑟𝑖𝑙 𝐵 𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛α

τ  =2 𝑟𝑖𝑙 𝐵𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 α
Example 4-2
The following information is known about the simple two-pole generator in Figure. The peak flux density of the
rotor magnetic field is 0.2 T, and the mechanical rate of rotation of the shaft is 3600 r/min. The stator diameter of
the machine is 0.5 m, its coil length is 0.3 m, and there are 15 turns per coil.
a) What are the three phase voltages of the generator as a function of time?
(b) What is the rms phase voltage of this generator?
(c) What is the rms terminal voltage of this generator?

φ=𝐵∗
  𝐴  𝐴=𝑑 ∗𝑙  = 0.15

φ=0.2
  ∗0.15=0.03 𝑊𝑏
Example 4-2
The following information is known about the simple two-pole generator in Figure. The peak flux density of the
rotor magnetic field is 0.2 T, and the mechanical rate of rotation of the shaft is 3600 r/min. The stator diameter of
the machine is 0.5 m, its coil length is 0.3 m, and there are 15 turns per coil.
a) What are the three phase voltages of the generator as a function of time?
(b) What is the rms phase voltage of this generator?