SAMPLE DESIGN

of
PIER
Example : Checking of Pier suitable for 18.3 metre
span plate girder for MBG loading.
Data :

i) Super structure - Plate girder

ii) Span & weight including - 18.3 metre

track 29.87 t
iii) Over all length of girder - 19.65 m
iv) Depth of girder - 1930 mm
v) Type of bearing - Sliding bearing
vi) Distance between centre of - 0.2 m
bearing & centre of pier
vii) Height of bearing - 50 mm
viii) Material of const. - M-10 concrete
ix) Unit wt. of mass concrete - 2200 to 2400 kg/m3
x) Loading standard - MBG – 1987
xi) Angle of internal friction & - 35, 1760 kg/m3
wt. of soil
xii) Track structure on - 60 kg rail resting on
approach PSC sleeper
xiii) Seismic zone - Zone ( V)
 CHECKING OF PIER SPAN 18.3m
FOR MBG LOADING - 1987
AREA AT THE TOP :
= 3.66 x 1.5 +(π/4) x 1.52 = 7.257 m2
AREA AT 1m DEPTH FROM THE TOP :

= 3.66 x 1.537 + (π/4) x 1.5372

= 7.481 m2
WIDTH OF SECTION AT 1.5m DEPTH = 1.5705m
AREA =3.66 x1.5705+ (π/4) x 1.57052
= 7.685 m2
VOLUME OF BED BLOCK = 3.338 m3

WEIGHT OF BED BLOCK = 3.338 x 2.2 = 7.344 t

VOLUME OF PIER BETWEEN BED BLOCK
AND 1m DEPTH
=(7.257+7.481) x 0.54 / 2
= 3.979 m3
VOLUME OF PIER BETWEEN 1m AND 1.5m
DEPTH
=(7.481+ 7.685) x 0.5 / 2
= 3.792 m3
AREA OF PIER AT 12m DEPTH :

= 2.282 x 3.66 + (π/4) x 2.2822

= 12.442 m2
VOLUME OF PIER BETWEEN 1.5m AND 12m
DEPTH
= 3.894 + (12.442 + 7.891) x 10 / 2
= 105.559 m3
BUOYANCY EFFECT : 105.559t x 0.15 5.10.2 SSC
TOTAL WEIGHT OF PIER AT 12m DEPTH
INCLUDING BUOYANCY EFFECT :
= Bed Block +Pier below bed block upto 1.5m+
Wt between 1.5m to 12m depth including
buoyancy
= 3.338 x 2.2 + (3.979 + 3.792) x 2.4 + (105.559
x 2.4) – 105.559 x 0.15
= 263.502 t
To be checked for single span & double span Clause 5.3 c
loading conditions SSC
LIVE LOAD :
SINGLE SPAN LOADED CONDITION
LOADED LENGTH = 19.65
EUDL FOR S.F. 5.3 c SSC
= (231.64 – 222.29) x 0.65 + 222.29 Appendix XX
= 227.72 t III
BR
REACTION = 227.72/2 = 113.86 t
DOUBLE SPAN LOADED CONDITION
EUDL FOR B.M. 5.3 c SSC
L = 2 x 19.8 = 39.6 m Appendix XX
EUDL for BM =(376.63-360.53) x 1.6/2 + 360.53 III
= 373.41 t BR

REACTION = 373.41 / 2 = 186.7 t

LONGITUDINAL FORCE
Single Span :
TE1 = 75.0 BF1 = 50.6 Appendix XX
IV
BR
With Dispersion and Distribution 2.8.3.2 BR
TE1 = ( 75 – 75 x 0.25) x 0.4 = 22.5 2.8.2.4.1 BR
BF1 = ( 50.6 – 16.0 ) x 0.4 = 13.84

For Seismic condition 50% L.F. 2.8.5 BR

TE1 =22.5 / 2 = 11.25 t

BF1 = 13.84 / 2 = 6.92 t

DOUBLE SPAN :
With Dispersion and Distribution
TE2 = 126.0 BF2 = 80 Appendix XX
IV
BR
TE2 = 126 x 0.75 x 0.4 = 37.8 t
BF2 = 80 x 0.75 x 0.4 = 24.0 t
For Seismic condition 50% L.F. 2.8.5 BR
TE2 = 37.8 / 2 = 18.9 t
BF2 = 24.0 / 2 = 12.0 t
FORCE DUE TO WATER CURRENT :
Water Current flowing parallel to pier Clause
P = KAV2 5.9.2.1
= 35 x (1.5705 + 2.282) x 10.5 x 32 / 2 x 1000 5.9.2.2 (Tabl
= 6.371 t e 4)
SSC
Water Current flowing perpendicular to Pier Clause 5.9.2.
=35x(1.5705+2.282)+(3.66+2.282)x10.5x32/2x5x1000 4
= 3.695 t SSC
Moment at the Base along X-X direction i.e.
perpendicular to Pier
= 6.371 x 10.5 x 2 / 3 = 44.597 t-m
WIND LOAD :
Projected area of Girder & track
= (1.930 + 0.172 + 0.152) 19.65
= 2.254 x 19.65 = 43.45 m2
Since spacing of girder is not exceeding full 2.11.3.1(a)
depth Hence Factor = 0.25 BR
Projected Area of Girder
= 1.25 x 43.45 = 54.3 m2
Lever Arm from C.G. to top of Bed Block
= 2.254 / 2 + 0.05 = 1.177
Projected Area of Train (PAT) 2.11.3.1(b)
= ( 4.115 – 0.6) 19.67 = 69.14 m2 Note 1
BR
Lever Arm from C.G. to Top of Bed Block
= 3.515 / 2 + 0.6 + 2.254 +0.05 = 4.641 m
SECTIONAL PROPERTIES AT 12m DEPTH

AREA = (π/4) x 2.2822 + 3.66 x 2.282

= 12.442 m2
Ixx = (1 / 12) x 3.66 x 2.2823 + (π/4) x 2.2824
= 4.956 m4

Iyy = (1 / 12) x 2.282x 3.66 3 + 0.2196 x 1.1414

+ π x 1.141 x (0.5x3.66+0.42x1.141)2
= 31.592 m4
SINGLE SPAN LOADED CONDITION :

D.L. OF GIRDER + TRACK = 29.87

L.L. REACTION = 108.98
Wt. OF PIER = 263.502
402.352 t
MOMENT ALONG X-X AXIS

DUE TO L.F. = 22.5(12+0.05) = 271.125

DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 25.865
DUE TO L.L. = 108.98 x 0.2 = 21.796
318.786 t-n
MOMENT ALONG Y-Y AXIS

DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 44.597 t-m

STRESSES :

= (402.352/12.442)  (318.786/4.956)x(2.282/2)
 (44.597/31.592)x(3.66/2)
= 32.338  73.393  2.583
Max = 108.314 t/m2 Min = - 43.639 t/m2
NORMAL LOAD + OCCASSIONAL LOAD (W.L.)
DL. OF GIRDER + TRACK = 29.870
LIVE LOAD REACTION = 108.98
Wt. OF PIER = 263.502
402.352
MOMENT ALONG X-X AXIS
DUE TO LF = 22.5 ( 12 + 0.05) = 271.125
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 25.865
DUE TO LL = 21.796
318.786
MOMENT ALONG Y-Y AXIS
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 44.597
DUE TO WIND ON GIRDER
54.3x(1.177+12) 0.15 = 107.327
DUE TO WIND ON TRAIN
69.1 / 2 (4.641=12) x 0.15 = 86.242 (on one span only)
238.166
STRESSES :
= (402.352/12.442)  (318.786/4.956)x(2.282/2)
 (238.166/31.592)x(3.66/2)
= 32.338  73.393  13.796
Max = 119.527 t/m2 Min = -54.945 t/m2
DOUBLE SPAN LOADED CONDITION :
DL OF GIRDER + TRACK = 29.87
LL REACTION = 176.79
Wt. OF PIER = 263.502
470.162 t
MOMENT ALONG X-X AXIS
DUE TO L.F. = 30.00(12+0.05) = 361.50
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 25.865
387.36 t-m
MOMENT ALONG Y-Y AXIS
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 44.597 t-m
STRESSES :
= (470.162/12.442)  (387.36/4.956)x(2.282/2)
 (44.597/31.592)x(3.66/2)
= 37.788  88.95 2.583
Max = 37.788+88.95+2.583 = 129.31 t/m2
Min = -53.75 t/m2
NORMAL + OCL (DOUBLE SPAN LOADED CONDITION)
DL OF GIRDER + TRACK = 29.870
LL REACTION = 176.790
Wt. OF PIER = 263.502
470.162 t
MOMENT ALONG X-X AXIS = 387.36 t-m
MOMENT ALONG Y-Y AXIS :
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 44.597
DUE TO WIND ON TRAIN
69.1(4.641+12.0) = 172.484
DUE TO WIND OF GIRDER
54.3(1.177+12.0) = 107.327
324.408 t-m
STRESSES :
= (470.162/12.442)  (387.36/4.956)x(2.282/2)
 (324.408/31.592)x(3.66/2)
= 37.788  89.18  18.792
Max = 145.76 t/m2
Min = -70.18 t/m2
SEISMIC & HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE
When the Horizontal Seismic acting parallel to traffic
SEISMIC HORIZONTAL COEFFICIENT
h = β I  2.12.4.2 BR
I = 1.0 2.12.4.4 BR
β = 1.2
2.12.4.3 BR
(Table)
 = 0.08 2.12.3.3 BR
h = 1.2 x 0.08 x1 = 0.096
HYDRO DYNAMIC FORCES

F = Ce h Wex
Ce = Co-efficient taken from table 5 based on H/R
H / R = 10.5 / (5.942 / 2) = 3.534
Ce = (0.735 – 0.675) x 0.534 + 0.675 = 0.707
Wex = (π/4) x 5.9422 x 10.5 x 1 = 291.206 t
F = 291.206 x 0.096 x 0.707 = 19.765 t
h=H
C 1 = H / h = 10.5 / 10.5 = 1.0
C 2 = 1.0 C 3 = 1.0 C 4 = 0.4286
LEVER ARM = C4 H = 0.428 x 10.5 = 4.494
MOMENT = 19.765 x 4.494 = 88.824 t-m
SEISMIC FORCE IN HORIZONTAL DIRECTION

S. DESCRIPTION
No
MASS
h SEISMI LEVE MOMENT
C R ARM ABOUT
. FORCE X-X
1 GIRDER + 29.87 0.096 2.8675 13.177 37.79
TRACK
2 BED BLOCK 7.344 0.096 0.705 11.77 8.298
3 Wt. OF PIER 271.992 0.096 26.111 5.77 150.662
BELOW BED without
BLOCK Bouancy
5.12.2(a)
SSC
196.752
L.L ignored in case of parallel to traffic 2.12.6 BR
SEISMIC FORCE IN VERTICAL DIRECTION

S.
No.
DESCRIPTION MASS
v SEISMIC
FORCE
1 GIRDER + TRACK 29.87 0.096/2 1.434
2 BED BLOCK 7.344 0.096/2 0.352
3 Wt. OF PIER BELOW 271.992 0.096/2 13.056
BED BLOCK
4 LIVE LOAD ( SS ) 108.98 0.096/2 5.231
20.073
5 LIVE LOAD ( DS ) 176.79 0.096/2 8.486
When the Horizontal Seismic acting perpendicular to traffic
HYDRO DYNAMIC FORCES
F = Ce h Wex
H / R = 10.5 / (2.282 / 2) = 9.202
Ce = 0.730
Wex = (π/4) x 2.2822 x 10.5 x 1 = 42.945
F = 42.945 x 0.096 x 0.730 = 3.03 t
LEVER ARM = 0.428 x 10.5 = 4.494
MOMENT = 3.03 x 4.494 = 13.618 t-m
HORIZONTAL SEISMIC FORCE

S.
No
DESCRIPTION MASS
h SEISMI LEVE MOMEN
C R ARM T
. FORCE ABOUT
X-X
1 GIRDER + 29.87 0.09 2.868 13.177 37.792
TRACK 6
2 BED BLOCK 7.344 0.09 0.705 11.77 8.298
6
3 Wt. OF PIER 271.99 0.09 26.11 5.77 150.662
BELOW BED 2 6
BLOCK
50% LIVE LOAD 108.98/ 0.09 5.231 16.641 87.049
( S.S.) 2 6 283.801
2.12.6 BR
50% LIVE LOAD 176.79/ 0.09 8.486 16.641 141.24
( D.S.) 2 6 337.992
VERTICAL EFFECT OF SEISMIC FORCE

S.
No
DESCRIPTION MASS
h SEISMIC
FORCE
.
1 GIRDER + TRACK 29.87 0.048 1.434
2 BED BLOCK 7.344 0.048 0.352
3 Wt. OF PIER 271.992 0.048 13.056
BELOW BED
BLOCK
4 LIVE LOAD ( S.S.) 108.98 0.048 5.231
20.073
D.S. LIVE LOADED 176.79 0.048 8.486
CONDITION LIVE 23.328
LOAD
STRESS CALCULATIONS :
SINGLE SPAN When the Seismic Force acting parallel to Traffic
DL OF GIRDER + TRACK = 29.870
LL REACTION = 108.98
Wt. OF PIER = 263.502
LESS SEISMIC FORCE = - 20.073
382.279 t
MOMENT ABOUT X-X AXIS
DUE TO 50% L.F. = ( 22.5 x 0.5) x 12.05 = 135.563 t-m
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 25.865 t-m
DUE TO L.L. = 21.796 t-m
DUE TO SEISMIC FORCE = 196.752
DUE TO HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE = 088.824
468.800 t-m
MOMENT ABOUT Y-Y AXIS
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 44.597 t-m
STRESSES
= (382.279/12.442)  (468.80/4.956)x(2.282/2)
 (44.597/31.592)x(3.66/2)
= 30.725  107.93  2.583
Max. = 30.725 + 107.93 + 2.583
= 141.238 t/m2
Max. Stress shall be 144.5 t/m2 if vertical component of seismic
force is taken downwards.
Min. = 30.725 - 107.93 – 2.583
= ( -) 79.788 t/m2
When the Seismic Force acting parallel to Traffic :
DL OF GIRDER + TRACK = 29.870
LL REACTION = 108.98
Wt. OF PIER = 263.502
LESS SEISMIC FORCE = - 20.073
382.279 t
MOMENT ABOUT X-X AXIS

DUE TO 50% L.F. = ( 22.5 x 0.5) x 12.05 = 135.563 t-m

DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 25.865 t-m
DUE TO L.L. = 21.796 t-m
183.224 t-m
MOMENT ABOUT Y-Y AXIS
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 44.597 t-m
DUE TO SEISMIC FORCE = 283.801 t-m
DUE TO HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE = 13.618 t-m
TOTAL 342.016 t-m
STRESSES
= (382.279/12.442)  (183.224/4.956)x(2.282/2)
 (342.016/31.592)x(3.66/2)
= 30.725  42.183 19.812
Max. = 30.725 + 42.183 + 19.812
= 92.72 t/m2
Min. = 30.725 – 42.183 – 19.812 = ( -) 31.27 t/m2
DOUBLE SPAN :
When the Seismic Force acting parallel to traffic :
DL OF GIRDER + TRACK = 29.870
LL REACTION = 176.79
Wt. OF PIER = 263.502
LESS SEISMIC FORCE = - 23.328
446.834 t
MOMENT ABOUT X-X AXIS
DUE TO 50% L.F. = 15.00 x 12.05 = 180.75 t-m
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 25.865 t-m
DUE TO SEISMIC FORCE = 196.752 t-m
DUE TO HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE = 88.824
492.191 t-m
MOMENT ABOUT Y-Y AXIS
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 44.597 t-m
STRESSES
= (446.834/12.442)  (492.791/4.956)x(2.282/2)
 (44.597/31.592)x(3.66/2)
= 35.913  113.315  2.583
Max. = 35.913 + 113.315 + 2.583 = 151.811 t/m2

Min. = 35.913 – 113.315 – 2.583 = ( -) 79.985 t/m2

When the Seismic Force acting perpendicular to traffic :
DL OF GIRDER + TRACK = 29.870
LL REACTION = 176.79
Wt. OF PIER = 263.502
LESS SEISMIC FORCE = - 23.328
446.834 t
MOMENT ABOUT X-X AXIS
DUE TO 50% L.F. = 15.00 x 12.05 = 180.75 t-m
DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 25.865 t-m
1.t-m

MOMENT ABOUT Y-Y AXIS

DUE TO WATER CURRENT = 44.597 t-m
DUE TO SEISMIC FORCE = 337.992 t-m
DUE TO HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE = 13.614
STRESSES
= (446.834/12.442)  (206.615/4.956)x(2.282/2)
 (396.207/31.592)x(3.66/2)
= 35.913  47.568 22.951

Max. = 35.913 + 47.568 + 22.951

= 106.432 t/m2
Min. = 35.913 – 47.568 – 22.951
= ( -) 34.606 t/m2