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Proof Resilience :
= (𝛔 𝐄
� ) 𝟐
×
𝟐𝐄
∴ 𝐮p �
Where, σE = stress at elastic
limit
Modulus of Resilience :
= (𝛔 𝐄 )𝟐
𝟐𝐄
∴ 𝐮m
• Consider a bar of length L placed vertically and one
end of it is attached at the ceiling.
= 2 × R × δl
1
= 2 × σ × A×
1 …
Now
δl
, ( 2)
W ork done = Work
stored
1
∴ P × δl = 1 σ × A × δl
2 2
P
∴ P= σ×A
∴ σ =
A ….. stress due to gradual load.
Strain Energy = 21 × R ×
δl
= 21 σ × A × R=σ×
δl A
1 δl
= 2σ × A × ε × ε l
l =
1 σ
= 2σ × A E
× E = σε
× l
2
σ
= ×A×
2E
l
𝟐
𝛔
u = 𝟐𝐄 × v
… strain energy due to gradual load
When the load is applied suddenly the value of the load
is P throughout the deformation.
But, Resistance R increase from O to R
1
∴ P = 2× σ×A
∴ 2P
σ= A
P
∴(σ − ) 2EPh p2
A Al + A2
=
p2
∴σ= P 2EP
A h +
+ A2
Al … Stresses due to impact
load
If load is applied suddenly, h = 0
P
p2
∴ σ +
= A2 0
+
A2P
∴σ= A
When 𝛿𝑙is very small as compered to h , then
Work done = P × h
σ2
2E× A ×l = P ×
h
2𝐸𝑃ℎ
𝜎2 =
𝐴𝑙
2𝐸𝑃ℎ
𝜎=
𝐴𝑙
Let, Work done on the bar by shock = u
1
Work stored in the bar × R ×
= δl
= 122 × σ × × E
A 2 σl
= σ ×A×
2
l
σ 2 E
∴U= ×A ×
2
l
E
∴ σ2 =
2UE
2U
∴ σ Al
E
= ... max instantaneous
Al
stress
If t is the uniform she ar
stress produce in the
material by external
forces applied within
elastic limit, the energ y
Stored due to shear
Loading is given by,
𝐮 𝛕𝟐 ×
= 𝟐 𝐕
𝐆
Where, t = shear stress
G = Modulus of rigidity
Consider a square block ABCD of length l , Faces BC and
AD are subjected to shear stress τ , Let face AD
is fixed.
The section ABCD will deform to AB1C1D through the
angle ∅.
∅ = Shear strain
tan ∅ = l
BB1
∅ is very small
∴ tan ∅ = ∅
∴ σ = MI × … (1)
∴ Strain energy stored in small strip of area da.
2
σ
u= ×
2E
v
2
σ
= × (da ∙
2E
dx)
1 M 2 × (da ∙
= ×( ∙ y)
2E I
dx)
2 2
1 M ∙y
= ∙ × da ∙ …(2)
2E I2
dx
∴ Starin energy stored in entire section of a
beam.
y=y
1 M2 ∙
c
∙ da ∙
utotal = ∙ y2 2
2E I dx
y=yt
2
1 ∙ M ∙dx yc y2 ∙ da
= I2 yt
2E y2 ∙ da = I
1
∙
M2 ∙dx = second moment of
= I
2E I2 area.
2
M
utotal = 2EI …(3)
dx
Now, for strain energy in entire beam, integrate between
limits 0 to l.
l
∴ u= M2 ∙
2E
0 dx ... Strain energy due to bending.
I
We have seen that, when a member is subjected to a
uniform shear stress 𝛕, the strain energy stored in the
2
τ
member is
2
×G
V.
Consider a small elemental ring of thickness dr, at radius r.
ur τr 2 ×
2
= G V
r 2
(R∙τ
ur ×
) 2
= G V
r 2∙τ
= ×
R2 2∙2
G
V
r 2∙τ
= × (2πr × dr) ×
R2 2∙2
G
l
τ2∙r3
ur = ∙π∙l
∙ dr R2 ∙
G … strain energy for one
ring.
Total strain energy for whole section, is obtained by
integrating over a range from r = 0 to r = D/2 for a solid
shaft.
D/2
τ2 ∙ r3
u
=
∙ π ∙ l ∙ dr R2 ∙ G
0
D/2
τ2 ∙
π∙l
= 2 r3 ∙ dr
R ∙G
0
τ2 ∙ π ∙ l r4 D/2
= [ ]0
R2 ∙ G 4
D
τ ∙ π ∙ l (4 )
2
= 2 2
R ∙G 4
D4
τ2 ∙ π D4 =
τ2 ∙
π ∙
=
∙l ∙l 6 ∴ R=
R2 ∙ G ∙ 4 D
D 2
∙ 2 G
64
τ4
2∙ π ∙ l ∙
= 2
D 16
G
τ2 ∙ π ∙ l ∙
= 2
A = π4 ×
∴
D4 × 4 ×
G D2
τ2 ∙ l ∙
=
A4
G
u τ2 ×
= V … Strain energy due to torsio
4
G
Ex-1 :
An axial pull of 50 kN is suddenly applied to a
steel bar 2m long and 1000 mm2 in cross section. If
modulus of elasticity of steel is 200 k N / mm2.
Find, (i) maximum instantaneous stress
(ii) maximum instantaneous extension
(iii) Strain energy
(iv) modulus of resilience.
Solution :
here, P = 50 kN (Sudden load)
A = 1000 mm2
l = 2m = 2000 mm
E = 200 kN/mm2 = 200× 103 N/mm2
(i) Maximum instantaneous stress :
2P
σ 2×50×10
= 3 = 100
= A
N/mm1000
2
(ii) Maximum instantaneous extension :
σ
E
ε
=
ε σ = 5 × 10−4
E = 200×103
= 100
δl
ε l
== ε ∙ l
δl
= 5 × 10−4 ×
2000
= 1 mm
(iii) Strain energy (u) :
2
σ
u= ×
2E
V (100)
= 2 × 1000 ×
2×200×103
2000
= 50,000 N ∙ mm
= 0.025 N ∙
mm/mm3
EX –2 :
A 1500 mm long wire of 25 mm2 cross sectional area
is hanged vertically. It receives a sliding collar of 100 N
weight and stopper at bottom end. The collar is allowed to full
on stopper through 200 mm height. Determine the
instantaneous stress induced in the wire and corresponding
elongation. Also determine the strain energy stored in the
wire. Take modulus of elasticity of wire as 200 GPa.
Solution :
here, P = 100 N
A = 25 mm2
l = 1500 mm
h = 200 mm
E = 200
GPa = 200 ×
2EPh
σ P P2
+ A∙
A+ A2
= l
= 4 + 461.89
= 465.89 N/mm2
σ 465.89
δl ∙lE = ×1500
200 ×
= 103
= 3.49 mm
Strain energy,
2
σ
u= ×
2E
V
(465.89)
u 2 × (25 ×
2×200×103
= 1500)
= 20,348.76 N.mm
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