History of Philippine

Education

Comparative Education

Christopher G. Semsem
 Pre-colonial Period
- Not formal
- Oral, practical and hands-on
- Basic objective is reverence
to God and respect for laws,
customs and traditions and
authorities represented by
parents and elders.
 Spanish Period
- Became formal
- Friars and Missionaries
established Parochial schools
linked with teaching
Catechism
- Different dialects were
utilized
- Not uniformed
- Not structured, no grade
levels or distinctions
- Colegios for boys, Beaterios
 Major Problems

- Lack of trained teachers

- 150 teacher-missionaries for over half a
million inhabitants
- Lack of funds, lack of teaching materials
and lack of school houses
- Educational Decree 1863
The Education Decree of 1863

- Provided a free public education

system managed by the
government.
- Primary education was also
declared free for all Filipinos
regardless of social class.
American Occupation
- Education was used as vehicle for
its program benevolent
assimilation
- Soldiers were teachers
- Restored destroyed school houses
and built new ones
- Trained teachers who are not
soldiers
- Education is free
- Fairness, Democracy and Progress
was assimilated in the teaching
- English was the medium of
instructions
 Curriculum
Primary education
- GMRC
- Civics
- Hygiene & Sanitation
- Geography
Intermediate curriculum
- Grammar and Composition
- Reading & Spelling
- Science courses
- Physiology
- Hygiene & Sanitation
- Intensive teaching of Geography
 Japanese Regime
6 Basic Principles of Japanese Education

1. Realization of the New Order and promote

friendly relations between Japan and the
Philippines to the farthest extent.
2. Foster a new Filipino culture-base
3. Endeavour to elevate the morals of the people,
giving up over emphasis of materialism
4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the
Philippines
5. Promotion of Vocational Courses
6. Inspire people with the spirit to love neighbour
 Japanese Regime
Refurbished the curriculum

1. School calendar became longer

2. No summer vacation for students
3. Class size increased to 60
4. Deleted anti-Asian opinions, banned the singing
of American songs, deleted American symbols,
poems and pictures
5. Nihongo as means of introducing and cultivating
love for the Japanese culture
6. Love for work and dignity for labor was
emphasized
 After World War II
Executive Order No.94, 1947

 Turning the then “Department of Instruction” to

“Department of Education”. During which, the
regulation and supervision of public and private
schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and
Private Schools.
 The quality of public school education is
considerably declining due to lack of funding.
 Martial Law Period

- A bilingual education scheme was

established in 1974,requiring English and
Filipino to be used in schools.
- Science and Math subjects as well as
English Language and Literature classes be
taught in English while the rest were taught
in Filipino
 Year Official Name of Department Official Titular Head Legal Bases
Superior Commission of
1863 Chairman Educational Decree of 1863
Primary Instruction
Department of Public Act. No. 74 of the Philippine
1901-1916 Instruction General Superintendent Commission, Jan. 21, 1901
Department of Public Organic Act Law of 1916 (Jones
1916-1942 Instruction Secretary Law)
Renamed by the Japanese
1942-1944 Department of Education, Commissioner Executive Commission, June 11,
Health and Public Welfare
1942

1944 Department of Education, Minister Renamed by Japanese

Health and Public Welfare Sponsored Philippine Republic

Department of Public Renamed by Japanese

1944 Instruction Secretary Sponsored Philippine Republic
Department of Public Renamed by the
1945-1946 Instruction and Information Secretary Commonwealth Government
Renamed by the
1946-1947 Department of Instruction Secretary Commonwealth Government
E.O. No. 94 October 1947
1947-1975 Department of Education Secretary (Reorganization Act of 1947)
Department of Education and Proc. No. 1081, September 24,
1975-1978 Secretary
Culture 1972
Ministry of Education and
1978-1984 Minister P.D. No. 1397, June 2, 1978
Culture
Ministry of Education, Culture
1984-1986 Minister Education Act of 1982
and Sports
Department of Education,
1987-1994 Secretary E.O. No. 117. January 30, 1987
Culture and Sports
RA 7722 and RA 7796, 1994
Department of Education,
1994-2001 Culture and Sports Secretary Trifocalization of Education
Management
RA 9155, August 2001
2001 – present Department of Education Secretary (Governance of Basic Education
Act)
- The general pattern of education follows
four stages: 1). Pre-primary level (nursery,
kindergarten and preparatory are all offered
in private schools); 2). Elementary
education, 6 years; 3). High School
education, 4 years; and College education,
usually 4 years
- Classes start in June and end in March.
Colleges and Universities follow the
semestral calendar from June-October and
November-March.
 REFERENCE

http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?
title=Education_in_the_Philippines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines

THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF CURRICULUM

DEVELOPMENT (PHILIPPINE CONTEXT) by PROF.
RONNIE ESPERGAL PASIGUI

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