The Child and Adolescent

Learners and Learning

Principles

Philippine International Institute of Advance Studies

“An Ecclesiastical Educational Institution”
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

1. Foundation of Human Development

Human Development
 the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception
and continues through the life span
 includes growth and decline

 can be positive or negative

The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

1. Foundation of Human Development

I. Basic Concepts of Human Development

1. Development is relatively orderly
a.) Proximodistal Pattern
where growth starts at the center of the body and moves
towards the extremities

An example of such a pattern is the early development of

muscular control of the trunk and arms relative to the
hands and fingers.
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

1. Foundation of Human Development

I.I. Basic
Basic Concepts
Concepts of
of Human
Human Development
Development
1. Development is relatively orderly
b.) Cephalocaudal Pattern
Development proceeds from the head downward/tail.

Improvement in function and structure come first in the

head region, then in the trunk and last in the leg region.
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

1. Foundation of Human Development

I. Basic Concepts of Human Development

2. While the pattern of development is likely to be
similar, the outcomes of developmental processes
and rate of development are likely to vary among
individuals.
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

1. Foundation of Human Development

I. Basic Concepts of Human Development

3. Development takes place gradually.
4. Development as a process is complex
because it is the product of biological,
cognitive and socio- emotional
processes.
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

1. Foundation of Human Development

II. Research in Human Development

Accordingly, Research in Human Development (RHD) seeks to promote a shift away from
research focused on development at particular stages (early childhood, adolescence, middle
age, older adulthood) and from separate fields of inquiry to a more inclusive, integrative,
and interdisciplinary approach to the study of human development across the entire life
span. The integration of the person and his or her context across life is the focus, as such,
multilevel, multivariate, and integrative longitudinal study of person-context relations is
emphasized. Specifically, an interdisciplinary focus that integratively incorporates
biological, psychological, sociological, anthropological, economic, and historical
perspectives is stressed in the pages of RHD.
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles

1. Foundation of Human Development

Paper Activity:
1. Give at least 5 examples of CEPHALOCAUDAL PATTERN of development
  Example of answer:
Infant can sit up before it can walk.

2. Give at least 5 examples of PROXIMODISTAL PATTERN of development

  Example of answer:
Infant has muscular control of the trunk and arms relative to the hands and
fingers.

3. Give at least 2 advance insight of a learner-centered psychological

principles.