HEAT BALANCE BOILER

SECTION
 Heat Balance Model
Boiler Turbine
Section Section
Major Equipment
Boiler Section Turbine Section

1. Furnace 1. Turbine (HP, IP & LP)

2. Economiser 2. Feed water preheaters

3. Superheater 3. Condenser

4. Air heater 4. Deaerator

5. Steam Coil Air 5. Boiler Feed Pump

Preheater
Boiler Section Modelling Coal Proximate
Formulae to
Analysis (Moisture,
convert to Ultimate
Ash and Volatile
Analysis
Matter)
Coal Proxi mate
Formulae to
Analysi s (Moistur e,
convert to U ltimate
Ash and Volatile
Analysi s
Matter )

Excess Air
(O2 % Economi ser PA SCAPH outl et
outl et) ai r tem perature,
Ambient temp
Steam Flow to PA
PA SCAPH
SCAPH

Fl ue Gas Temp at
Eco Outlet PA Temperature at
Air heater outl et
PA Fan PA IGV Opening ,
PA Fan F low Per formance PA discharge
Curve Pressur e
Combustibl es in

Excess Air
SA SCAPH outl et
the Ash
ai r tem perature,
Ambient temp
Ai r heater
Attemperator inl et Combustion Air
outl et tem per atur e Requi r em ent
Secondary Air
FW temperature at Steam Fl ow to SA
Flow, Air Tem p. at SA SC APH

PA SCAPH outlet
SCAPH

(O2 % Economiser
Eco inlet Air heater Outlet
Fossi le Boil er

Attem perator Sprayw ater F low Coal Consumption ,

HHV Air heater Leakage Fl ue gas
M ain Steam Flow, tem per atur e at Air
heater outlet
Outlet Pressure

air temperature,
and Temperatur e

Cold Reheat
Steam Fl ow,
Pr essure and
outlet)
Ambient temp
Temp

Hot Reheat
Pr essure and

Steam Flow to PA
Temp

PA SCAPH
SCAPH

Flue Gas Temp at

Eco Outlet PA Temperature at
Air heater outlet
PA Fan PA IGV Opening,
PA Fan Flow Performance PA discharge
Curve Pressure
Combustibles in
SA SCAPH outlet
the Ash
air temperature,
Ambient temp
Air heater
Attemperator inlet Combustion Air
outlet temperature Requirement
Secondary Air
Steam Flow to SA
FW temperature at Flow, Air Temp. at SA SCAPH
SCAPH
Eco inlet Air heater Outlet
Fossile Boiler

Attemperator Spraywater Flow Coal Consumption,

HHV Air heater Leakage Flue gas
Main Steam Flow, temperature at Air
Outlet Pressure heater outlet
and Temperature

Cold Reheat
Model Model Heat Balance Steam Flow,
input icon result Pressure and
Temp

Hot Reheat
Pressure and
Temp
 Boiler Section Modelling
Coal Proximate
Formulae to
Analysis (Moisture,
convert to Ultimate
Ash and Volatile
Analysis
Matter)

Excess Air
(O2 % Economiser PA SCAPH outlet
outlet) air temperature,
Ambient temp
Steam Flow to PA
PA SCAPH
SCAPH

Flue Gas Temp at

Eco Outlet PA Temperature at
Air heater outlet
PA Fan PA IGV Opening,
PA Fan Flow Performance PA discharge
Curve Pressure
Combustibles in
SA SCAPH outlet
the Ash
air temperature,
Ambient temp
Air heater
Attemperator inlet Combustion Air
outlet temperature Requirement
Secondary Air
Steam Flow to SA
FW temperature at Flow, Air Temp. at SA SCAPH
SCAPH
Eco inlet Air heater Outlet
Fossile Boiler

Attemperator Spraywater Flow Coal Consumption,

HHV Air heater Leakage Flue gas
Main Steam Flow, temperature at Air
Outlet Pressure heater outlet
and Temperature

Cold Reheat
Steam Flow,
Pressure and
Temp

Hot Reheat
Pressure and
Temp

Model Model Heat Balance

input icon result
Furnace
One of the major inputs, which are necessary
for the furnace icon of heat balance model is
coal composition. Ultimate analysis which
consists of elementary constituents of the
coal (C, H, N, O, S, Moisture and ash) are
necessary.
Coal Composition
Steam Drum
Main Steam
Outlet

Blowd
Main Water own
Outlet
Data Requirement
Drum pressure is considered for fixing the
steam drum pressure. Blowdown from the
drum is assumed as zero.
Superheater
Steam
Steam Inlet
Outlet

Gas Outlet

Gas Inlet
Data Requirement
The heat balance model would calculate the
effectiveness of the superheater.
Economiser
Water Water
Outlet Inlet

Gas Outlet

Gas Outlet
Data Requirement
Heat balance around economizer would
calculate the economizer effectiveness.
Air Heater

Flue Gas
Inlet

Air Inlet Air Outlet

Flue Gas
Outlet
Air Heater
Data Requirement
Data Validation guideline
Coal consumption
Heat balance model calculates the coal
consumption. Also, at plant, coal flow from
individual coal feeder is measured. The
calculated coal consumption can be
compared with the cumulative coal flow
individual coal feeder. For a good data set,
the calculated coal consumption shall be
within + 5% of the measured coal
consumption.
Secondary fan air flow
Air flow measured at individual FD fan can be
validated using the manufacturer supplied
performance curve. Discharge pressure and
the IGV opening are required for reading the
air flow from the performance curve. Also,
suction air temperature can be used to
calculate the air density to compare with the
measured air flow.
Oxygen profile
Oxygen content measured at stack can be
compared with the model calculated oxygen value.
This would confirm the air heater leakage
calculation.

Spraywater flow
Spray water flow to attemperator at superheater
and reheater are measured. These flows can be
compared with the model calculated value.
Economiser outlet Oxygen
There is sensor mounted at the economiser
outlet.