Corona Virus

COVID-19
 WHAT IS VIRUSES?

Viruses are the smallest of all the microbes. They are said to be so small
that 500 million rhinoviruses (which cause the common cold) could fit
on to the head of a pin. They are unique because they are only alive and
able to multiply inside the cells of other living things. The cell they
multiply in is called the host cell.
A virus is made up of a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA,
surrounded by a protective coat called a capsid which is made up of
protein. Sometimes the capsid is surrounded by an additional spikey
coat called the envelope. Viruses are capable of latching onto host cells
and getting inside them.
 What is Corona Virus ?
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause
illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome
(MERS). In 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the
cause of a disease outbreak that originated in China.
The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease it
causes is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In
March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO)
declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
Public health groups, including the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO, are
monitoring the pandemic and posting updates on their
websites. These groups have also issued recommendations
for preventing and treating the illness.
 How does Covid-19 spread between people?
We know that the disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which spreads between people in
several different ways.
The virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they
cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe. These particles range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller
aerosols.
• Current evidence suggests that the virus spreads mainly between people who are in close contact with
each other, typically within 1 metre (short-range). A person can be infected when droplets containing
the virus are inhaled or come directly into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth.
• The virus can also spread in poorly ventilated and/or crowded indoor settings, where people tend to
spend longer periods of time. This is because aerosols remain suspended in the air or travel farther
than 1 metre (long-range).
People may also become infected by touching surfaces that have been contaminated by the virus when
touching their eyes, nose or mouth without cleaning their hands.
Further research is ongoing to better understand the spread of the virus and which settings are most
risky and why. Research is also under way to study virus variants that are emerging and why some are
more transmissible.
 Impact of Covid-19 on Indian economy
The impact of coronavirus pandemic on India has been largely disruptive in terms of economic activity as
well as a loss of human lives. Almost all the sectors have been adversely affected as domestic demand and
exports sharply plummeted with some notable exceptions where high growth was observed. An attempt is
made to analyze the impact and possible solutions for some key sectors.
FOOD & Agriculture
Since agriculture is the backbone of the country and a part of the government announced essential category, the impact
is likely to be low on both primary agricultural production and usage of agro-inputs. Several state governments have
already allowed free movement of fruits, vegetables, milk etc. Online food grocery platforms are heavily impacted due
to unclear restrictions on movements and stoppage of logistics vehicles. RBI and Finance Minister announced measures
will help the industry and the employees in the short term.
TELECOM
There has been a significant amount of changes in the telecom sector of India even before the COVID 19 due to brief
price wars between the service providers. Most essential services and sectors have continued to run during the pandemic
thanks to the implementation of the ‘work from home’ due to restrictions. With over 1 billion connections as of 2019, the
telecom sector contributes about 6.5 per cent of GDP and employs almost 4 million people. Increased broadband usage
had a direct impact and resulted in pressure on the network. Demand has been increased by about 10%. However, the
Telco’s are bracing for a sharp drop in adding new subscribers. As a policy recommendation, the government can aid the
sector by relaxing the regulatory compliances and provide moratorium for spectrum dues, which can be used for network
expansions by the companies.

OIL&GAS
The Indian Oil & Gas industry is quite significant in the global context – it is the third-largest energy consumer only
behind USA and Chine and contributes to 5.2% of the global oil demand. The complete lockdown across the country
slowed down the demand of transport fuels (accounting for 2/3rd demand in oil & gas sector) as auto & industrial
manufacturing declined and goods & passenger movement (both bulk & personal) fell. Though the crude prices dipped in
this period, the government increased the excise and special excise duty to make up for the revenue loss, additionally,
road cess was raised too. As a policy recommendation, the government may think of passing on the benefits of decreased
crude prices to end consumers at retail outlets to stimulate demand.
Lockdown effects on lower class people
versus middle class.
The pandemic is undoing decades of progress for a
country that in fits and starts has brought hundreds
of millions of people out of poverty. Already, deep
structural problems and the sometimes-impetuous
nature of many of Mr. Modi’ policies had been
hindering growth. A shrinking middle class would
be dealing lasting damage. After the lockdown,
many migrant laborers were forced to choose
between two extremely difficult options; continue
to stay in expensive cities where expenses kept
mounting and income sources dried up or go back
home to their families in their villages but face an
uncertain economic future.
 • People with COVID-19 have had a wide range of symptoms reported –
ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness. Symptoms may appear 2-
14 days after exposure to the virus. Anyone can have mild to severe
symptoms. People with these symptoms may have COVID-19:
• Fever or chills
• Cough
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

Symptoms of • Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches

Covid 19 • Headache
• New loss of taste or smell
• Sore throat
• Congestion or runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
This list does not include all possible symptoms.
 Protecting yourself and preventing
the spread of disease.

Everyday covid cases are moving up and down.

Still, we must look for the prevention. If
COVID-19 is spreading in your community, stay
safe by taking some simple precautions, such as
physical distancing, wearing a mask, keeping
rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds,
cleaning your hands, and coughing into a bent
elbow or tissue. Check local advice where you
live and work. It is always a responsibility of
people that if they are victim of COVID-19, they
should isolate themselves in a room for 14 days
(about 2 weeks) so that it cannot be spread to
someone within family or group.
 Conclusion
So now on we discussed a lot about Covid-19 regarding spreading of virus, effect on
economy, symptoms and precaution. As Corona virus is spreading all over the world
everyday so it is preferred to everyone to stay in home as per government announcement
and someone is getting out for work, they should maintain distance between each other. This
pandemic brought many gains and losses in many ways, like “Work from Home” which was
going to happen somewhere 2030 is happening now in 2021 and slowly everyone is
accepting it, where whole world was suffering from lockdown the environment was
recovering all its damage which we all human beings did throughout of our life. This Covid-
19 affected many families all over the world many of them has lost their loved ones. Human
beings need to accept this situation because all this happening due to our behavior toward
environment. At last, its being said to everyone that keep yourself and your family safe from
this virus and fight with hope that we will win these war.
Thank you