Introduksi Anatomi dan

Fisiologi Manusia

1
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
ANATOMI FISIOLOGI MANUSIA
Pengertian:

Anatomi -Ilmu yang mempelajarai susunan dan

hubungan bagian2 tubuh

Fisiologi – ilmu tentang fungsi tubuh manusia dalam

keadaan normal

2
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Sel- jaringan-organ-
system- organisme

Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
1. Four-footed body directions

Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Bidang dan pembagi khayal tubuh
1. Potongan Sagittal – membagi tubuh atas bagian :
kiri dan kanan
Potongan Mid-sagittal =lurus kebawah bagian
tengah tubuh
2. Potongan Frontal – membagi tubuh atas bagian
depan dan belakang
3. Potongan Transversal (cross section) – potongan
melintang tubuh

Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Bidang dan Potongan

Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Rongga Tubuh

Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Rongga Tubuh

Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Kuadran Tubuh
1. Kuadran atas kanan -Right Upper Quadrant
(RUQ)
2. Kuadran atas kiri- Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
3. Kuadran bawah kanan- Right Lower Quadrant
(RLQ)
4. Kuadran Bawah Kiri - Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.3
15
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.4 16
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Homeostasis
1. Memelihara kestabilan lingkungan internal
disebut homeostasis.
2. Homeostasis dikendalikan melalui system
dengan reseptor, serangkaian titik, dan
efektor.
a. Reseptor penerima rangsang
b. Rangkaian titik adalah kisaran nilai normal
c. Efektor berupa otot, kelenjar, yang
merespon perubahan yang dikirim reseptor
agar terjadi perubahan untuk kembali stabil

17
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.6 18
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.7 19
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Mekanisme umpan balik positif
a. Respon bergerak jauh dari titik berangkat
b. Mengubah dari titik awal menjadi lebih
besar
c. Banyak umpan balik positif menghasilkan
kondisi tidak stabil pada tubuh
d. Contoh
1) Pembekuan darah
2) Partus

20
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.9 21
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Rongga dalam tengkorak
kavum oral, nasal ,
orbital , dan kavum
telinga tengah

Fig 1.10
22
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.13 23
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Terminologi Anatomi

A.Posisi Anatomi : badan tegak berdiri, wajah ke

depan, anggota tubuh atas disamping, telapak
tangan menghadap ke depan
B.Istilah posisi letak bagian tubuh
1. Superior – diatas
2. Inferior – dibawah
3. Anterior (ventral) – kearah depan
4. Posterior (dorsal) – kearah belakang
5. Median – mendekti garis tengah
6. Lateral – samping
7. Bilateral – struktur berpasangan satu
disamping lainnya
24
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Istilah posisi
8. Ipsilateral – struktur disisi yang sama
9. Contralateral – struktur pada sisi berlawanan
10. Proximal – lebih dekat pada titik yang
direferensikan
11. Distal – lebih jauh dari titik yang direferensikan
12. Superfisial – dekat permukaan; peripheral –
ke tepi
13. Deep – lebih dalam

25
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.14 26
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
C. Bagian2 dari tubuh
1. Potongan sagittal membagi tubuh atas bagian
kiri dan kanan . Jika garis sagittal persis
ditengah tubuh, ia akan membagi tubuh sama
besar bagianmedian atau midsagittal .
Disamping garis tengah (lateral linea mediana)
disebut parasagittal.
2. Potongan horizontal atau nama lainnya
transversal membagi tubuh atas bagian atas
dan bawah.
3. Potongan frontal (coronal) membagi tubuh atas
bagian anterior dan posterior.

27
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.15 28
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Fig 1.16 29
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
D. Bagian Tubuh
1. Area abdominal
dapat dibagi atas 9
regio – epigastrik,
hipokondriak kanan
dan kiri , area
umbilical, lateral
kanan dan kiri area
lumbal, hypogastric,
iliaka kanan dan kiri

Fig 1.17a 30
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Area Abdomen
Dibagi empat kuadran
bagian atas kanan dan
kiri, bagian bawah kanan
dan kiri

Fig 1.17b 31
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Istilah regio tubuh

Fig 1.18 32
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.