CLASS XI

SEMESTER 2

CAUSE AND EFFECT

 THE PATTERN OF USING CONJUNCTION
IN CAUSE AND EFFECT

Conjunction can be use for joining two clauses to be one

sentence.
It can be used before the clause or in the middle of the
clause sometimes, we can have “comma” if it is needed.
The example of • 1.because
conjunctions used in • 2.because of
• 3.caused by
cause and effect,as • 4.so
follows: • 5.since
• 6.due to
• 7.as a result
• 8.that is why
• 9.consequently
• 10.in order to
• 11.therefore
• 12.for the
reason
 The difference between “cause” and “because”

“’Cause” can be used as short for

“because”, especially in dialog,
because that’s often what it
sounds like when people talk.
People might be too lazy to use
the apostrophe in informal
contexts, or they might just be
mistaken. What more often
happens in informal contexts (like
in Twitter) is that people use
completely different spellings,
like “coz” or “cuz”.
 1.BECAUSE
Because is a conjunction, it is followed by a subject
and a verb.
example:
Some people lost their
jobs because the
machines took them
over.
 
(sebagian orang
kehilangan pekerjaan
karena diambil alih oleh
mesin.)
 BECAUSE
(IN THE BEGINNING OF THE SENTENCE)
• Because the rain starts
to fall, Jane wears her
raincoat.
•  (Karena hujan mulai
turun, Jane memakai jas
hujannya.)
 The difference between “because of” &
“because“

“Because of “and
“because” are both used to
introduce reasons.

• Because of is a
preposition, it is
generally followed by a
verb+ing or a noun.
 2.BECAUSE OF
• She goes home
earlier because of feeling sick
• –> (Dia pulang lebih awal
karena merasa kurang enak
badan)
•  Because of feeling sick , she
goes home earlier
• –> (Karena merasa kurang
enak badan, dia pulang lebih
awal).
 3.CAUSED BY
The doctor says that the diseases must be caused by a
virus.
(Dokter mengatakan bahwa penyakitnya pasti
disebabkan pleh virus.)
 4.SO
The meal we ordered was cheaper than expected, so we
ordered dessert. 
(Makanan yang kami pesan ternyata lebih murah dari
perkiraan, jadi kami menambahkan pencuci mulut juga.)
 SO

The baby was crying, so mother picked him up.

(Bayinya menangis, jadi ibu menggendongnya.)

 SO

We forgot to set the

alarm last night, so we
all woke up late this
morning.

(Kami lupa memasang

alarm tadi malam, jadi
kami bangun kesiangan
tadi pagi.)
 5.SINCE

Since we run out of eggs, I have to go to the store.

(Karena kita kehabisan telur, aku harus pergi ke toko.)
 SINCE
Since the electricity went out for most of the day, the
ice cream in the freezer melted.
(Karena listrik padam seharian, es krim di kulkas pun
meleleh.)
 6.DUE TO
The road will be closed today due to an annual festival. 
(Jalan akan ditutup hari ini karena ada festival tahunan.)
 7.AS A RESULT
Cake and candy are high in sugar as a result they are
bad for your teeth.
(Kue dan permen mengandung banyak gula; akibatnya,
mereka bisa merusak gigimu.)
 8.THAT IS WHY
Swimming is good for the lungs that is why asthmatic
people are advised to do it regularly.
(Berenang itu baik untuk paru-paru itu sebabnya orang-
orang yang menderita asma disarankan melakukannya
secara teratur.)
 9.CONSEQUENTLY
He worked too much until late night, Consequently,
he lacks of sleep and becomes ill.
(Dia bekerja terlalu banyak sampai larut malam;
Akibatnya, dia kurang tidur dan jatuh sakit
 10.IN ORDER TO
A peacock spreads its tail in order to attract the
female. 
(Burung merak mengembangkan ekornya untuk
menarik perhatian betina.)
11.Therefore
• She always study hard and
actively participating in
the class. Therefore, she
got the good marks and
rank first on the class
• (Dia selalu belajar dengan
keras dan aktif
berpartisipasi di kelas
maka dia mendapat nilai
yang bagus dan menjadi
ranking satu di kelasnya)
 12.FOR THE REASON

The sky is very

cloudy that is for the
reason I should bring
the umbrella.

(langit sangat
mendung ,itulah
sebabnya saya
membawa payung)
 Happy learning English

Compiled by :Ms Ariatmi P H

SMA NEGERI 2 YOGYAKARTA