Worksheet

Expressing Cause and effect

Study the following sentences Compare the following sentences:
• A flood happens due to human error. • Flood happens because humans litter the
• A flood happens because of rain. river.
• Due to human error, flood happens. • Flood happens since people cut trees.
• Because of heavy rain, flood happens. • Flood happens as it rains heavily.
• Due to the dangerous virus, people wear masks. • Since people cut trees, flood happens.
• Thanks to the recent research, now people can • Because people want to build houses,
get better treatment. they cut trees.
• As it rains heavily, flood happens.

Complete the sentences

1. We use ‘because of’ ‘due to and “thanks to “ to express cause and effect
2. ‘Because of’, ‘thanks to’ and ‘due to’ are followed by a noun phrase
3. Because, since, as means sebab
4. Because, since, and as are followed subject and effect
5. We use a comma when Since, as because precedes the main sentence

What are other ways to express cause and effect?

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using the correct phrases below. . Use “due to “ or
“ because of “ to connect the sentences

National holiday Teachers meeting Bad weather

Traffic jam severe headache being tired

1. Mary cannot go to school because of a severe headache.

2. We are late for school due to a traffic jam
3. We went home early due to teacher meeting
4. We will not go to school tomorrow due to national holiday
5. I cancel the picnic because being tired
For 6 to 7, continue the sentences with your own reason
6. The earth is getting warmer due to global warming
7. Students stop littering due to their environmental awareness/school rules

Exercise 2. Combine the sentences using because, since, and as

1. We cancelled our trip. The weather was bad.

Because the weather was bad, we cancelled our trip

2. Monday is Dio’s birthday. Let’s give her a gift.

Since we use too much electricity. We have to pay expensive bill

 3. I couldn’t watch the concert. Dad didn’t allow me to go out

I couldn’t watch the concert because dad didn’t allow me go out

4. We use too much electricity. We have to pay expensive bill.

Since monday is dio’s birthday, let’s give her a gift

5. As People litter everywhere, The city looks dirty