TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR

AND
FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
 Name NIM

Tati Muflihah 2223150034

Dina Risty 2223160008

Adinda Widya Ramadhanty 2223160011

Qonita Indah Maylani 2223160014

Firda Pratiwi 2223160052

Afif Adani 2223160098

 TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR
Traditional grammar aims to describe the grammar of standard
English by comparing with Latin. As such, it is prescriptive. Students
learn the names of parts of speech (nouns, verbs, prepositions,
adverbs, adjectives), parse textbook sentences and leanr to correct
so-called bad grammar. Writers are taught, for example, not to
start sentences with ‘and’, to make sure the subject agrees with the
verb (time flies – not time fly – like an arrow), to say ‘I did it’ and
not ‘I done it’.
Traditional grammar focuses on rules for producting correct
sentences. In so doing, it has two main weaknesses. Firstly, the
rules it prescribes are based on the language of a very small group
of middle-class English speakers.

Thus it can be used to discriminate against the language of working

class, immigrant and Aboriginal students. (Consider Jeff Fenech’s
heartfelt ‘I love you all’.) Secondly, the rules deal only with the most
superficial aspects of writing. Following the rules in no way
guarantees that written communication will be effective, for the
rules say nothing about purpose or intended audiences for writing.
 FORMAL GRAMMAR
Formal grammars are concerned to describe the structure
of individual sentences. Such grammars view language as a
set of rules which allow or disallow certain sentence
structures. Knowledge of these rules is seen as being
carried around inside the mind. The central question
formal grammars attempt to address is: ‘How is this
sentence structured?’ Meaning is typically shunted off into
the too-hard box.
 FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
Functional grammars view language as a resource
for making meaning. These grammars attempt to
describe language in actual use and so focus on
texts and their contexts. They are concerned not
only with the structures but also with how those
structures construct meaning. Functional grammars
start with the question, ‘How are the meanings of
this text realise?’
 To sum up the main differences in perspective among the
above three grammars, the following table is presented.

Formal (+Traditional) Functional

Primary How is (should) this sentence How are the meanings
Concern  
Be structured?  
Of this text realized?
Unit of    
Analysis Sentence Whole texts
Language  
Syntax  
Semantics
Level of  
 
 
 

Concern    
 
Language = A set of rules for sentence = A resource for meaning
 
 
Construction Making
 
   
= Something we know  
= Something we do
 EXAMPLE
Traditional grammar

His Good Friend Wrote This Book In America

Pronoun Adjective Noun Verb Pronoun Noun Preposition Noun

Functional grammar

His good friend Wrote this book In America

Nominal Group Verbal Group Prepositional Group

THANK YOU
EXPLANATION OF THE MATERIAL
• TRADITIONAL VS FUNCTIONAL
• SAMA SAMA MIKIRIN STRUKTUR
• TAPI FOKUS PENDEKATAANNYA YANG BERBEDA

• FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
LEBIH MENJELASKAN STRUKTUR, LEBIH MENDETAIL, SUBJECT TIDAK SATU DOANG.
LEBIH DETAIL, UNTUK APA? JAUH LEBIH BERGUNA, JAUH LEBIH TAHU MAKNANYA.

CONTOH: KALAU TRADITIONAL, SUBJECT WILL BE A SUBJECT. (JUST ONE).

IF FUNCTIONAL, SUBJECT BISA APA AJA (EX ACTOR ETC).
TRADITIONAL : SISWA DIAJARKAN RUMUS – RUMUS TENSES.
FUNCTIONAL : SISWA TETAP DIAJARKAN RUMUS TAPI LEBIH LUAS LAGI SISWA JUGA DIAJARKAN KEGUNAANNYA
TENSES UNTUKAPA? DAN EFEKNYA APA?
CONTOH EFEKNYA? NANTI JIKA DIAJARKAN TENSES, DAN MURID AKAN LEBIH PEDULI AKAN SEBUAH STATEMENT.
CONTOH STATEMENT : A : I BELIEVE YOU : PERCAYA
B : I CAN BELIEVE YOU : RAGU RAGU / HATI HATI, TIDAK BEGITU PERCAYA.
• FUNCITONAL GRAMMAR FOCUS ON THE SENTENCE, BENAR DALAM ACUAN ARTINYA,
FUNGSINYA, DAN DILIHAT KESELURUHAN? MAKSUDNYA KESLEURUHAN? DARI SATU
PARAGRAF, ADA SATU KALIMAT YANG DIAMBIL ARTINYA. LALU DISIMPULKAN DARI
SELURUH KALIMAT DALAM SATU PARAGRAF TERSEBUT.
• MUST
• CAN
• MAY : DIIJINKAN, BOLEH (PRESENT
• MIGHT : (PAST)

• BUT SEGALA SESUATU HARUS SEGALA DI PERHATIKAN.

• DISESUAIKAN SAMA CULTURENYA.