Chapter 1: the scope of

anthropology, sociology, and

political science
Lesson 1: The need 2

for studying social,

cultural, and
political behavior
through science
 3

Science began with a common sense

interpretation of the world around us, which
later became more sophisticated.
-Maurice Crosland
Professor of History, University of Kent
 4

At the end of this lesson the students

will be able to:
 Define society, culture, and politics
 Differentiate sociology, anthropology, and
political science; and
 Discuss how sociology, anthropology, and
political science converge.
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This made me
think
Relate an event that you have observed or heard that
made you think and reflect

SCIENCE
Science is the pursuit and
application of knowledge and
understanding of the natural
and social world following a
systematic methodology based
on evidence
-Science Council
6
Knowledge from the careful study of
the structure and behavior of the
physical world, especially by
watching, measuring, and doing
experiments, and the development of
theories to describe the results of these
activities
- Cambridge Dictionary
 7

According to Harry Elmer Barnes

[American historian]

As an aid in solving newly created social problems,

to reconstruct the disintegrating social order,
sociology and the other social sciences came into
being
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anthropology
Anthropology [Gk. anthropos + logos]

Studies humans and the respective cultures where they were

born and actively belong to.

It is considered the father of all social and behavioral sciences

like sociology, economics, and psychology.
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anthropology

This discipline began with the early European explorers and

their accounts.

Franz Boas - Father of American anthropology

- Human culture and behavior can be
measured scientifically
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anthropology
Alfred Kroeber & William Henry Morgan
They specialized indigenous rights, like traditional cultural
preservation and ancestral domain of the American Indian tribes.

Ruth Benedict (student of Franz Boas)

Specialized in anthropology and folklore
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anthropology
Margaret Mead
Intensively studied the sexual practices among native
population

Bronislaw Malinowski
Founded the data gathering strategy that applies participant
observation which is central to ethnography.
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Common data-gathering techniques of

ethnography involve unstructured
interviews and surveys
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QUIZ
 14

Identify the following and cite their contributions to

the field of anthropology

1. Franz Boas 2. Alfred Kroeber 3. Ruth Benedict

4. Bronislaw 5. William Henry

Malinowski Morgan
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True or false?
Of all the social and behavioral sciences,
anthropology is considered the oldest
 16

True or false?
Anthropology began during the explorations and
navigations of the Asian explorers
 17

True or false?
The preferred method for gathering data among
the anthropologists is participant observation
 18

True or false?
Ethnography is undertaken using survey
 19

True or false?
Anthropology’s focus is on culture and the
biological basis of behavior
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sociology
Everyday we make decisions. What dish to cook/eat. What
clothes to wear. There are also thoughts on education, career,
marriage, etc.

Sociology makes us aware that when we make decisions, it is

within the context of our family, peers, school, nation, and other
groups which form our social world.