Lesson 3: RIZAL

AND THE
THEORY OF
NATIONALISM
Prepared by: Prof. Abbie Dale A. Goyal, LPT
Let’s Differentiate!

Nation Nation-State State

A system of organization in
which people with a common
identity live inside a
country with firm borders
and a single government.
Is it possible to start as a State and turn to
a Nation to establish a Nation-State?
YES. Take for example Mexico after their independence from Spain. Mexico
is too large and fragmented that many do not have a national unity to call
themselves Mexican. It took over a century for the State to develop national
consciousness for Mexicans to come together and identify as one through
handpicking cultural practices, holidays, and significant historical events that
Mexicans can relate to.
 Is it possible to be a Stateless Nation?

YES. Because a Nation is a group of people with common identity. As

long as they recognized themselves to share commonality, even
without a government and territory, they are considered a Nation. It
does not need international recognition at times as Nation is imagined.
What is Nationalism?
How does nationalism helps shape a
country?

How did the Filipino define national

identity?
Three Theories of Nationalism
Theory Thesis

National identity has always existed and nations have

“ethnic core”
National identity is natural/given, ineffable, stemmed
Primordialism from affection, affiliated through birth, geography,
culture, language

National identity and nationalism are product of

modern conditions and modernity (social structure
and culture brought by emergence of capitalism,
Modernist Theory industrialization, hierarchies, urbanization,
bureaucratization)

Nationalism is socially constructed and imagined by

people who identify with a group.
Constructivist Approach
Definition of a Nation according to
Benedict Anderson:

Nation is an imagined political

community – and imagined as
both inherently limited and
sovereign.
 Nation is
community
Nation is built
upon
comradeship
 e d
it Nation is finite
lim
i s
it o n Nation has
N a boundaries
 The conception of
nation started in
the Enlightenment
period
The foundation of
Nation is nation is not from
sovereign divine ordination
of ruler but of
operative liberty
Is the Philippines a Nation? A State? Or a
Nation-State?
Characteristics of Nation-State Philippines
Land /
Territory /
Population /
Sovereignty /

If we go by the characteristics of a nation-state, then Philippines is

therefore a nation-state.
So, what is Nationalism?
Nationalism Nation should be
evaluated not on
invents
how false or
genuinely ‘invented’
they are but on
how they are
nations imagined.
 the attitude that the
members of a nation have
Nationalis when they care about
m their national identity, and
describes
the actions that the
members of a nation take
when seeking to achieve (or
sustain) self-determination.
Nationalism vs. Patriotism

Nationalism
emphasis a UNITY of Patriotism is based
cultural past with on love towards
inclusion of the people with greater
language and emphasis on values
heritage. and beliefs
Café Talk
• Form a Group of FOUR (4) members. 2 members will become partners while the
remaining 2 will also form partnership.
• After selecting their partner, discuss (either via virtual communication or physical meet-
up) your pair’s stand on nationalism of the Filipinos in the 21st century: (a) whether or not
nationalism is an important factor in nation-building, (b) whether or not nation-building of
the Philippines is already done, and (c) whether or not you agree that only NATIONALISM,
without regards to PATRIOTISM, can lead to the prosperity of a nation-state.
• Your argument with each other should not only be anchored on OPINION. Provide
credible sources to back up your premise.
• Your conversation should be recorded and passed as an Audio for students who opted to
have physical meet up or video call. On the other hand, students who used Messaging
App to communicate shall screenshot their debate and put them chronologically on a
document.
Café Talk
• Your file should be named CT_PT2_SurnamesofMembers
• You will be graded according to:

Criteria Percentage
Depth of Discussion/ Understanding of the
35%
topic
Organization and Clarity of Thoughts 20%
Use of Argument (persuasive and
30%
concrete)
Technicalities of Presentation
And Language Used
- Language is consistent 15%
- Tone and precision of argument
- Sources are included
References
• https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nationalism/
• http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/67407/1/Imagined%20communities_2016.pdf
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Anderson
• https://
www.stevespence.net/courses/global-contexts/modules/anderson-1/
anderson-1-slides.html
• https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog128/node/534
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/nation-state-definition-examples-
characteristics.html#:~:text=A%20nation%20state%20must
%20have,not%20have%20a%20shared%20culture.