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MODULE 4
ATHIRA SURESH
I.C.E.T
INTRODUCTION
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If the Reynolds number Re is less than 500 or 600, then the flow is
called laminar flow. If the Reynolds number is more than 2000, then the flow
is said to be turbulent.
A flow that has Reynolds number between 500 and 2000 is said to be in the
transition state.
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Open channel flow is Sub-critical if the Froude number is less than 1. Sub-Critical
open channel flow is also defined as a tranquil or streaming flow.
An open channel flow with a Froude number equal to one is a critical flow.
super-critical flow in open channel has a Froude number greater than 1.
A supercritical flow is also termed as rapid flow or torrential flow or shooting
flow.
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TYPES OF CHANNEL
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y= depth of flow
Velocity distribution in open channels
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Flow depth, y -Vertical distance from the channel bottom to the free surface.
CHEZY’S EQUATION
MANNINGS FORMULA
KUTTER’S FORMULA
CHEZY’S EQUATION
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DISCHARGE
Q=AXV
AX
MANNING’S FORMULA
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KUTTER’S FORMULA
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MOST ECONOMICAL SECTION
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RECTANGULAR CHANNELS
TRIANGULAR CHANNELS
TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNELS
CIRCULAR CHANNELS
NOTCHES AND WEIRS
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