Grace college of Education

Pedagogy of
Mathematics
Hello!
Learner- Centered Methods

Submitted by : Manjusha .S S
Department of mathematics
Roll no : 65
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Learner centered teaching is an approach that places
the learner at the center of the learning. This means that
the learner or student is responsible for learning while the
tutor is responsible for facilitating the learning. This is also
known as student-centered learning.

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Learner- Centered Methods
Project Method

Peer Tutoring

Individual Activities

Experimental Learning

Teacher- Guided Learning

Problem Solving Method

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Project Method

▹ Project is a purposeful activity related to life and it should be carried out in a

natural environment in a school or outside the school
▹ Project Method is of American origin and is an outcome of Dewey's philosophy of
pragmatism.
▹ This method is developed and applied practically by Dr. Kilpatrick.
▹ In this method student’s learn subject matter in natural setting
▹ Project can be done individually or in a group or all the students together

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Basic Principles of Project Method
Learning by doing

Learning by living

Learning through association,

co-operation and activity
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Project method
1 Choosing a Project
With Teacher’s guidance Project will be
selected according to the wish of the
students.
4 Evaluating the Project
The teacher supervise and guide the
students in the execution of the project
with their interest, aptitude and
capabilities.
2 Providing a situation
Teacher will explain various projects
according to need, interest of the
students, and their skills to do the
project
5 Executing the Project
The evaluation of the projects has to be
done in the light of plans, difficulties in the
execution and achieved results.
3 Planning of the Project
While planning
 The nature and scope of the project
 The degree of complexity of project
 Time allotted to finish the project
 Availability of material resources
6 Recording all activities of the Project
A complete record of the project include everything
from the beginning to end about the project should
with students
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 PEER TUTORING

* Peer means students of same category.

* Peer tutoring is a student – led instructional strategy
used to support.
* Peer group members are intimate with each other and so
there is no place for shyness or hesitation
 Peer tutoring programme can be setup to whole class or a group in
the class or each one touch one mode.
The following sequence of programme may give better results…
i. Discuss Tutoring with Head of Institution ( Before to set up a successful peer tutoring
programme, teachers and interested students should discuss the programme with the Head master. )
i. Fix the timings (Students can make arrangements during lunch or during class hours based on the availability
of space and needs of students who want tutoring)
ii. Set goals (An effective peer tutoring programme needs clear goals and a well organized plan of action to succeed. )
iii. Select Tutors (A successful programme must have students who are motivated and capable of providing help to
their classmates.)
iv. Provide Training (Tutors are taught techniques of teachingTraining includes explaining tutors how teaching is
often the most effective way of learning )
v. Evaluation (Teachers begin by checking in with their students asking things are going on. Then teachers spend a
couple of minutes reviewing what they did last session)

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 Individual Activities

• An individual activity is primarily authored by students

themselves.
• The individual activities helps students focus on goals and
develop future plan and how to use the times in high
school to accomplish their personal objectives

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 Individual Exercise (Provide an opportunity for the students to practice skills)

 Personal Design (Given a topic or learning objective, the students are asked to related it to their real
experience)

 Quiz (Quiz will be conducted for individual students.)

 Computer works (Student may be asked to collect points for a topic from computer network and
submit to the teacher)

 Library works (Students are asked to collect material from the library for a topic given by the teacher)

 Interview with celebrity (Teacher may invite star celebrity to the class and asks students to
prepare 10 questions to ask .Teacher may also asked students to prepare celebrity ‘profiles’)

 Preparing poster for a function (design a poster for a function in the school students can fill
letters with drawings or pictures.)

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 EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING
• Experimental learning is the process of learning
through experience and is more specially
defined as learning through “reflection on doing”.
• The general concept of learning through experience
is ancient.

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1. Concrete Experience
A new experience of situation is encountered or a reinterpretation
of existing experience.
2. Reflective Observation
Reviewing or reflecting on the experience observation and
reflection on that experience.
3. Abstract Conceptualization
Reflection gives rise to new idea or a modification of an existing
abstract concept and leads to generalization.
4. Active Experimentation
The learner used to test hypothesis in future situation, resulting in
new experience
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 Teacher Guided Learning
• Teacher guided learning helps to develop concepts by
themselves and the responsibility for learning rests with them.
This method encourages students to build research skills that
can be through their education experiences. This prepares
students to lead through a discovery process. Here students
are help to how to develop question for this method.

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1. Focus
Introduction to objective, task and content.
2. Learning Check
Identify prior knowledge and confirm the strategies and skill and
knowledge to be developed. Teacher initially monitors, identifying
strength and possible area of attention
3. Independent work
Pupils work individually or in pairs monitored by the teachers
4. Rework/ Revise
Students are encouraged to return to the task, with support and
guidance from the teacher or teach other to discuss and revise the work
refining their knowledge understanding and skills monitors, identifying
strength and possible area of attention
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Problem Solving method
• Problem solving method is one which
involves the process reflective thinking to
solve a different problem in a
• purposeful manner and in arriving a
satisfactory solution. The problem solving
method is like research method it
• involve scientific thinking of a process of
learning.
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1.Identifying Problem Solving ( The students should be able to identify and clearly
define the problem and recognize the type of problem. the problem should be interesting,
challenging an motivating for the students to solve.)

2. Collecting the data ( Analyze the give problem carefully and collect information to
solve the problem.)

3. Formulating tentative hypothesis ( Analyze the data and find the

interrelationships among the given facts. The students formulate tentative solution of the
problem)

4. Testing the hypothesis (Appropriate method should be selected to test the validity
of the tentative hypothesis as a solution to the problem)

5. Verification of the result (In mathematics, we do not accept a solution without

proper verification. The students are required to verify the solution and make
generalizations and apply them in a new life situations.)
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Thanks!
Any questions?

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