GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

By: Group 5
Introductions

Objectectives
• By the end of this topic you can understand what is the global
demography

• What is the importance of global demography on this

century.

• The effect of increasing population around the world

Global demography
Global - is a relation to the whole world worldwide.

Demography- is the statistical study of populations,

especially human being.encompasses the study of
the size, structure, and distribution of these Populations,
and spatial or temporal changes in them in response
to birth, migration, Aging, and death. Demographic
transitions are a singular historical period during
Which mortality and fertility rates decline from high to low levels in a particular
Country or region. The broad outlines of the transition are similar in countries around
The world, but the pace and timing of the transition have varied considerably.
Global Demography
Four stages to the classical demographic transition model:
Stage 1:pre transitions
• Characterized by high birth rates, and high fluctuating death rates.
Stage 2: Early transitions
• During the early stages of the transition, the death rate begins to fall.
As birth rates remain high, the population starts to grow rapidly.
Stage 3: Late transition
• Birth rates start to decline.
The rate of population growth decelerates.
Stage 4: Post transition
• Post-transitional societies are characterized by low birth and low death rates.
Population growth is negligible, or even enters a decline.
Global Demography
These four stages are
depicted on the graph

The transition started in the mid- or late 1700s in Europe. During that time, death rates
and fertility began to decline. High to low fertility happened 200 years in France and
100 years in the United States. In other parts of the world, the transition began later. It
was only in the twentieth century that mortality decline in Africa and Asia. With the
exemption of Japan. This resulted in rapid population growth after the Second World
War, affecting the age structure of Asia and the developing world. Specifically, The
baby boom in the developing world was caused by the decline of Infant and child
mortality rates.
Global demography
Shigeyuki et al. (2002) stated, "the enormous gap in life expectancy that emerged between Japan and the
West on the one hand and the rest of the world on the other“

● By 1820, the life expectancy at birth of Japan and the West was 12 years
greater than that of other countries. It increased by 20 years by 1990.
● During the nineteenth century, Europe and the West had an increase in share
in the world's population, from 22.0 percent to 33.0 percent, while Asia's and
Oceania's contribution dropped from 69.0 percent to 56.7.
● The United Nations projected that population growth will be shifted toward
Africa. in 2150, there will be a projected increase of two billion if we combine
the population of Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.

The developing countries like India and the Philippines had higher dependency ratios
than the West in 1900. A great increase in dependency ratio was caused by the
decline in infant and child mortality and high levels of fertility, with its peak around
1970.
Global Demography
Dependency ratios started to disappear because there is a
decline in the global birthrate. Furthermore, the gap in fertility
between the West and the less developed countries became smaller
by the twenty-first century. Over the next 50 years,the cases of
dependency ratios of these two areas in the world will be reversed.
The aging of populations will cause a rise in the dependency ratio,
starting in the West.
These changes in fertility transformed age structures through
the creation of a ‘baby boom generation. The aging of this generation
and continued declines in fertility andold-age mortality are shifting the
population balance in developed countries from young to old.
Global Demography

Demography is a complex discipline that requires the integration

of various social scientific data. As you have seen, demographic
changes and policies have impacts on the environment, politics,
resources, and others. Yet, at its core, demographya accounts for
the growth and decline of the human species. It may be about
large numbers and massive effects, but it is ultimately about
people. Thus, no interdisciplinary account of globalization is
complete without an accounting of people.