Principles and Theories of

Motivation
Demonstrate knowledge and grasp an understanding of the classroom implications of the various principles and
theories of motivation
 MOTIVATION

 Is a desire, need, or want that generates energy vital

for the person to act or behave in a particular way
within the specific context.
 Innate characteristics that releases one’s creative
capabilities and abilities

As a result,
 Brings satisfaction and happiness
 Boost self esteem and enhances self-
confidence
Motivation is rooted in
physiological needs to address
physical pain and get the best out
of every choice. A driving force
that pushes a person to attain his
or her goals.
Motivation is a vital factor that encourages learners to give their best performance
in every endeavor they are faced with.

Intrinsic motivation – driven by the anticipation and expectation of

some kind of payoff from an external source

Extrinsic motivation – driven by someone’s own goals and

ambitions
Principles of Motivation

 The environment can be used to focus the learner’s attention.

 Incentives motivate learning.
 Internal motivation is longer lasting and more self-directive than external
motivation.
 Learning is most effective when learners are ready to learn.
 Motivation is enhanced by the way in which the instructional material is
organized.
Theories of Motivation

1. Drive Theory (Clark Hull)

This theory explains that drives
occur because of the stimulation of
a need. Need is a physiological
deficiency that creates a condition of
disequilibrium in the body. Drives
involve physiological survival needs
such as hunger, thirst, sleep, pain,
warmth, touch and sex.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theories of Motivation

2. Self-efficacy (Albert Bandura)

This theory focuses on the belief that
individuals have capabilities to perform a series of
actions needed to manage budding situation.
Efficacy is the power to produce an effect (in
essence competence), while self-efficacy is the
belief (whether accurate or not) the one has the
power to produce that effect. Self-efficacy relates to
a person’s perception of his or her ability to reach a
goal, while self esteem relates to a person’s sense of
self-worth.
Theories of Motivation

3. Self-determination (Edward L. Deci &

Richard M. Ryan)
This theory recognizes the strength
that comes from the sense of autonomy in
making choices on the things that he or she
does
Theories of Motivation

4. Theory of Achievement Motivation

(John William Atkinson)
This theory is associates with
expectancies and values. The learners must
believe that they can accomplish task; that
is, they should have and expectancy about
what they want to achieve and place an
importance or value in what they are doing.
Theories of Motivation

5. Attribution Theory (Bernard Weiner)

This theory describes people’s various
explanations for successes and failures that
match things like luck, mood, effort, health,
strengths, and weaknesses of his or her
opponents, climate, his or her friends, etc.,
notwithstanding their own capabilities for
their own successes and failures.
Theories of Motivation

5. Control (Choice) Theory (William Glasser)

This theory explains that behavior is
motivated by what a person needs at any given
time. Individuals are motivated and make
choices according to the basic needs that come
from within. The needs drive one’s choices and
influence how one behaves in those choices.
Theories of Motivation
Basic needs in Control Theory

 Fun – need for pleasure, enjoyment, laughter, learning

 Freedom – need for independence, autonomy, control over one’s own life
 Love and belongingness – need for love, relationships, social connections
 Power – need to achieve, to be recognized, to be empowered
 Survival – physiological needs
Additional techniques to motivate in motivating
learners:

 Challenge them.
 Build on strengths first
 Offer choices
 Provide a secure environment
 Give bite-size tasks
 Self evaluation
 Provide frequent positive feedback
 Motivation

Activity 4A. Fill-out

the diagram

Types of
Motivation

Principles of Motivation
1.
2.

Theories of Motivation
1.
2.
Activity 4B. Create a graphical representation of the things you have learned on motivation