Aryan Morita

Biomedika Kedokteran
Gigi

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•
Small cells
Visible only w/ the aid of microscope
•
Prokaryotes organism
First name (genus), last name(species)

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comparative structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells:

(Madigan et al., Fig 2.1)

prokaryotic: eukaryotic: 
nucleoid  nucleus
• no • organelles
organelles
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Cocci Bacilli

Spirilla
 
  

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 CAPSULE

 Usually composed of polysaccharide

(B.anthracŤs  produces polypeptide capsule)
 Can be visualized by light microscopy using
negative staining techniques
 Main function : protection of bacterium from
adverse environmental conditions
 Often associated with virulences

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 CELL
WALL
 Non selectively permeable
 Function : protect from mechanical damage
and osmotic lysis, cell shape
 Difference in structure and chemical
composition of the cell walls account for
variation in bacteria pathogenicity and also
influence other characteristics

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 CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

 Function : passive diffusion, active transport

of nutrient, electron transport for respiration
 Composed of phospolipid and protein

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 CYTOPLASM

  Aqueous fluid containing nuclear material,

ribosomes, nutrient & enzymes, and other
molecules

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 RIBOSOM E
S
 Composed of ribonucleoproteins
 Consist of 2 subunits
 The Svedberg (S) unit is measure of
sedimentation rate   dependent on both the
size and shape of particles.

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 NUCLEAR MATERIAL

 Composed of a single haploid cicular

chromosome containing dsDNA
 Can be seen by electron microscope and also
light microscope using Feulgen staining
method
 No nuclear membrane

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 PLASMID

 Small circular pieces of DNA which are

separate from the genome, capable of
autonomous replication
 Copies of plasmid can be transferred from cell
to cell during binary fission or through
conjugation
 May code for characteristics such as antibiotic
resistance and exotoxin production.

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 FLAGELLA

 Bacteria which possess flagella are motile

 Many species of gram negative bacteria have
flagella
 Composed of a protein called flagellin
 Consist of filament, hook, and basal body

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 Type of Bacterial
Flagella
monotrichous

lophotrichous

amphitrichous

peritrichous

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 PIL
I
•
Fine, straight, hair-like appandages
Composed of the protein pilin
•
Have 2 major functions (sex pili
and attachment properties)
In pathogenic bacteria, pili function as adhesin
for receptors on mamalian cells.

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 ENDOSPORES
•
Dormant highly resistant bodies
•
Formed by some bacteria to ensure survival
during adverse environmental conditions.
The resistance of endospores is attributed to
their layered structured, dehydrated state,
negligible metabolic activity, and high
content of dipicolinic acid
Can be destroyed only by moist heat at 121oC
for 15 minutes

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Bacterial
endospore
 ENDOSPORES
STRUCTURE

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 SPOROGENESI
S

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 Microbial Biochemicals
Macromolecule Basic Composition Examples
Protein Amino acids Enzymes, cell walls,
(tryptophan, leucine) cytoplasmic membranes,
flagella
Polysaccharide Monosaccharides (glucose, Capsules, storage
fructose) granules
Lipid Fatty acids, glycerol Cytoplasmic membranes
Nucleic acid Adenine, guanine, RNA, DNA
cytosine, thymine, ribose
Glycoprotein Polysaccharide, Fimbriae
lipoprotein protein Lipid, protein Cell wall
lipopolysaccharide Lipid, polysaccharide Endotoxin

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 BACTERIAL
REPLICATION

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 PHASE OF BACTERIAL
GROWTH

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 Growth
Requirements

temperature acidity nutrient

Oxygen
water
metabolism
Metabolic Activities
 SELESAI !!!!

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 NE XT WEE K:BA CTE RIA INFECTION

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