Performance improvement of ORGA with an optical BUS.

A radiation-hardened Optically reconfigurable gate array (ORGA) consisting of a holographic memory, a laser array, and a standard CMOS process programmable gate array VLSI
has already been developed. The optoelectronic ORGA provides soft-error tolerance and can withstand an over 1 Grad total-ionizing-dose. However, the degradation of the
optoelectronic ORGA is not small and cannot be neglected. Propagation delay and power consumption increase along with increasing total-ionizing-dose. This research presents
the degradation measurement results of an optoelectronic radiation-hardened ORGA and a method to improve its performance.

Currently available radiation-hardened devices Circuit performance improvement method

Total-ionizing-dose tolerances of currently available radiation-hardened devices
RTAX-S/SL ProASIC3 RTG4 Virtex-5QV RAD750  Before irradiation, a circuit
Type Anti-fuse ORGA Flash ORGA Flash ORGA SRAM ORGA ASIC achieves the maximum clock
Total Dose 300 krad 30 krad 100 krad 1 Mrad 1 Mrad frequency by assigning critical
Technology 0.15 μm 0.13μm 65nm 65nm 0.15 μm paths to look-up tables with the
vendor Microsemi Microsemi Microsemi Xilinx BAE minimum propagation delays.
lifetime @1000 Sv/h 3 hour 0.3 hour 1 hour 10 hour 10 hour
 The maximum radiation intensity is reported to be 1000 Sv/h at the Fukushima
論理回路
Daiichi nuclear power plant. 面積 [µm²]  After irradiation, The
 The working durations of current radiation-hardened devices are limited to 10 hr. ORGA 上の個数
入射確率 [%] propagation delays of look-up
The total-ionizing-dose tolerances of currently available radiation-hardened VLSIs are NOT
9.68
tables on the programmable
insufficient for decommissioning and dismantlement operations. 887 gate array are increased.
2 入力 OR
16.1
120
→ The operating
Repairable VLSI 2 入力 NAND
12.9
frequency decrease
614
Radiation 3 入力 NAND
16.1
120
 There is a variation of the
2 入力 XNOR deterioration of look-up tables.
25.8
516  The propagation delays of the
D フリップフロップ
67.7 look-up tables with critical
522
paths might not reach the
Reconfigure フォトダイオード」
minimum.

 Repairable VLSI includes a fine-grained programmable gate array consisting of logic The propagation delay of all look-up tables must be measured again to achieve the best
blocks and switching matrices as well as ORGA. circuit implementation.
 The damaged gate array can be used continuously by avoiding the damaged regions
and by choosing non-damaged regions.
 Current ORGAs use a serial configuration architecture and the configuration circuit The performance of a circuit can be improved by reassigning critical paths
accounts for 38 %. Number of broke of the implemented circuit to deteriorated look-up tables with the
P
 The probability that only the gate array resource breaks and transistors minimum propagation delays.
the configuration circuit doesn't break. 1 62%
2 38.4% Processor Used for re assigning
P== 3 23.8%
 The probability that the configuration circuit will not be 4 14.8%  30TBq Gamma radiation
broken is almost zero. ︙ ︙  Distance from radiation source 0.05 m
 Current programmable device cannot realize it. 10 0.84%  Radiation intensity 2.98-2.99 kGy /
h
 Applied total-ionizing-dose 78.1 Mrad
Optically Reconfigurable Gate Array VLSI
Photograph of radiation experiment
Laser array
VLSI Specification
addresses configuration contexts. By switching • Considering a new 21 core
lasers, each hologram memory region is read out. 0.18μm double-
poly processor
Technology 5-metal CMOS
process
Holographic memory
Chip size 5.0 × 5.0 mm2
store a lot of configuration contexts.
Supply Voltage Core 1.8V , I/O 3.3V
ORGA-VLSI
Number of
has a fine-grained programmable gate array as Photodiodes 8,832
well as Field programmable gate array (FPGA).
However, many photodiodes are implemented Photodiode size 4.40 × 4.54 μm2
to programming-points. The gate array can be
programmed optically.
Distance between h : 30.08 μm
Photodiodes v : 30.24 μm
Number of Logic
Blocks 64
Propagation delays of look-up tables before and after irradiation
Number of Switching 72
Matrices
Operating frequency of 2bit adder before and after irradiation
Number of I/O Blocks 8 (32 bit)
Logical block Before irradiation [MHz] After irradiation [MHz]
Number of Wires in a
Routing Channel 8

Photograph of the ORGA system Photograph of the ORGA-VLSI

CLB1 & CLB2 120.86 Decreased to 113.72
FPGA ORGA 7.14 [MHz] Improve
to 2.81 [MHz]

CLB0 & CLB1 120.76 116.53

Serial configuration Parallel configuration Conclusion

This research has presented degradation measurement results of an optoelectronic
radiation-hardened ORGA. In addition, this research has presented a proposal of a
method to mitigate the performance degradation of programmable gate array VLSIs.
When programmable gate arrays are used under a radiation condition, to achieve the
best implementation, the propagation delays of look-up tables must be measured
using a ring oscillator and counter circuits to ascertain the best critical path
Switching Matrix (SM) I/O Block (IOB) Logic Block (CLB) implementation. Results show that those measures mitigate performance