Professional Documents
Culture Documents
&
RESEARCH
FOUNDATION
A PRESENTATION ON
SINGLE PHASE
TRANSFORMER
PRESENTED BY
1. SAROJ KUMAR
2. ARABINDA RAHA
3. PRASENJIT MAITY
4. DEBASISH BISWAS
5. JOYDEEP GHOSH
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our
teacher as well as our principal who gave us golden
opportunity to do this wonderful seminar on “single phase
transformer” which, in terms, has helped us to come across a
lot of new and unknown facts that enrich our knowledge in so
many ways.
We would also like to thank our friends who have helped us a
lot in finalizing this project with in this limited time frame. We
are grateful to all of them for their huge support.
CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Construction
3. Operation principle
4. Analysis of ideal transformer
5. Equivalent circuit of an ideal transformer
6. Practical transformer
7. Determination of equivalent parameters
8. Losses of transformer
9. Efficiency & Regulation
10. Auto transformer
INTRODUCTION
Transformer is an ac machine that
Construction
Core Type
Shell Type
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
The basic principle behind working
of a transformer is :
The phenomenon of mutual
induction
EMF gets induced in the
secondary winding according
to Faraday's law of electromagnetic
induction.
IDEAL TRANSFORMER
Properties of ideal
transformer :
1. No winding
resistance.
2. No leakage flux.
3. Zero magnetizing
current
4. No iron loss in core
ANALYSIS OF IDEAL TRANSFORMER
Magnitudes of the rms induced voltages :
a) Polarity test
b) Open circuit test
c) Short circuit test
d) Sumpner’s test
POLARITY TEST
Polarity test is performed to determine the terminals having the
same polarity.
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST
open circuit test on transformer is used to determine core losses in
transformer and parameters of the shunt branch of the equivalent
circuit of the transformer.
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
short-circuit test of a transformer is used to determine copper
losses in the transformer at full load. It is also used to obtain the
parameters to approximate the equivalent circuit of a transformer.
SUMPNER’S TEST
The full load test on a small transformer is very convenient, but on
the large transformer, it is very difficult. The maximum temperature
rise in a large transformer is determined by the full load test. This
test is called, back-to-back test, regenerative test or Sumpner’s test.
LOSSES IN TRANSFORMERS
The transformer is static machine, therefore no friction or windage
loss occurs. Various power losses occuring in a trnsformer are:
a) Iron or core loss
b) Copper loss
c) Stray load loss
d) Dielectric loss
TRANSFORMER EFFICIENCY
The efficiency of a transformer (or any other device) is defined as
the ratio of output power to input power. Thus:
output power
Efficiency,
input power
V2 I 2 cos
2
V2 I 2 cos Pc I 2 R
Where,
Pc=total core loss,
I22R =total ohomic losses
V2I2=Output VA
Cosφ2=Load p.f.
For maximum efficiency,
Variable ohmic loss=Constant core loss
ALL DAY EFFICIENCY
The all day efficiency is defined as the ratio of energy output over
24 hours to the energy input over the same period.
outputenergyin kWh
i.e. Alldayefficiency (for 24 hours)
inputenergyin kWh
Voltage Regulation of
Transformer
The change in secondary terminal voltage from
no load to full load, with primary voltage and
frequency constant, is voltage regulation.
DISADVANTAGES:
•The secondary winding is not insulated from
the primary winding.
•Used only in the limited places
Conclusion
Thank You