FLIPPED LEARNING

1. Complete these: OPERANT CONDITIONING IS….

AN EXAMPLE OF IT WOULD BE….

2. (Watch the video and summarise)

USE KEY TERMS- BEHAVIOUR- REWARD-
PUNISHMENT- STIMULUS- POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT- NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT-
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT- NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT.
(41) Operant Conditioning - YouTube
UNIT 11 SPECIFICATION- ON TEAMS- HAVE A
LOOK AND MAKE NOTES ABOUT WHAT IT IS
ABOUT AND WHAT TO EXPECT………..
Social Learning Theory Biological approach

UNIT 11
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Cognitive approach Behaviourist approach

 Learning Objectives
 Describe the key features of the Behaviourist
approach.
 To outline and evaluate classical conditioning.
 To begin to think about the practical applications
of classical conditioning in everyday life.

Key Terminology:
Classical Conditioning
Stimulus
Response
 Approaches in Psychology
There are many different approaches within psychology.

An approach is a perspective (view) that has certain

assumptions (beliefs) about human behaviour:

• The way we function

• Which aspects of humans are worth studying
• Which research methods are appropriate to conduct such
studies
 Be
ha
v i o
So

u
ri s
Th cial

t
eo Le
ry ar
n in
Cog g
niti
ve
Theories
Psychological

Humanistic
Human
development

Biological
Theories we will look at are:

m i c
o d yna
sych
P
 The Behaviourist Approach
Founded (1920’s)
Key Assumptions (beliefs) of the approach:
1. All behaviour is learnt through our environment
(nurture), we are born as blank slates (tabula
rasa).
2. Only observable behaviour should be
investigated. Pavlov- Classical
3. Ignores the investigation of internal mental Conditioning
processes (thoughts, feelings, emotions).
4. Behaviour is a result of learned associations
between stimuli and responses to them.
5. Humans and animals learn in the same way, so
results from animal studies can be generalised
to humans. Skinner- Operant
6. Behaviour is learnt, so it can also be unlearnt. Conditioning
 The Behaviourist Approach

Behaviourist psychologists believe that human

behaviour is learnt through conditioning.

Classical Operant
Conditioning (CC) Conditioning (OC)
 Classical Conditioning
All animals (including humans) are born with reflexes such as salivation
when food is presented. The reflex action is made up of a stimulus
(donut) and it’s associated response (salivation).

=
Stimulus Response
(something in the (natural response-
environment- donut) salivation)
 Classical Conditioning
Marge is
now
associated

=
with the
+ stimulus
(donut)

Stimulus Marge Response

(donut) (salivation)

Homer has been

classically conditioned
to respond (salivate)
=
when he see’s Marge.
 Classical Conditioning
=
conditioning
Before

UCS (Unconditioned stimulus) UCR (Unconditioned response)

+ =
conditioning
During

UCS NS (Neutral Stimulus)

UCR

=
conditioning
After

CS Conditioning Stimulus CR Conditioned Response

 Classical Conditioning
DO NOW: Watch the video explaining ‘Pavlov’s
research’.

MAKE NOTES ON THE VIDEO

IDENTIFY 4 KEY POINTS

THINK PAIR SHARE YOUR KEY POINTS

10 minutes
 Classical Conditioning
=
conditioning
Before

UCS (Unconditioned stimulus) UCR (Unconditioned response)

+ =
conditioning
During

UCS NS (Neutral Stimulus)

UCR

=
conditioning
After

CS Conditioning Stimulus CR Conditioned Response

 Classical Conditioning
=
conditioning
Before

UCS (Unconditioned stimulus) UCR (Unconditioned response)

+ =
conditioning
During

UCS NS (Neutral Stimulus)

UCR

=
conditioning
After

CS Conditioning Stimulus CR Conditioned Response

 Other Important factors
• Timing 2 minutes
later

• Extinction

• Spontaneous Recovery

• Stimulus Generalisation
 Human Studies of CC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE

Watson & Rayner

(1920) ‘Little Albert’
Conditioned a baby to
fear a white rat.

https://historyofyesterday.com/pavlovs-dog-th
e-experiment-that-revolutionized-psychology-d
4bfdc343c73
 PAIRED TASK
DISCUSS AND THEN BOTH DRAW A DIAGRAM
TO SHOW HOW CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
WORKS.
Evaluating Classical Conditioning
What type of studies were Pavlov’s Dogs and Little
Albert?
What is good about this method?

Practical applications in real life-

According to the behaviourist approach ‘Behaviour
can be learnt and can therefore……………’

Therapies have been created based on the principles

of classical conditioning: systematic desensitization,
flooding and aversion therapy.
 Therapies
Systematic desensitisation:

Replace anxious
reponse

Aversion therapy:

Smoking
becomes
associated with
vomiting.
 Evaluating Classical Conditioning
Reductionist, as it doesn’t take into
consideration other factors that can shape
behaviour, such as emotions and thoughts.

Doesn’t acknowledge the differences

between species. Not all animals can learn
the same associations, therefore results
cannot always be generalised from one
species to another.
 Learning Check!
Books shut, notes away!

Outline two assumptions of the

Behaviourist approach.

Explain what is meant by classical

conditioning.

Evaluate Pavlov’s theory of classical

conditioning.