INTRODUCTION

AND
CONCLUSION
PARAGRAPHS

Prepared by CMDU
 WHAT TYPE OF ESSAY IS IT?

1. REASON (CAUSE)
What are the
I. Why do people II. impacts of
get divorced? starting
university? II. EFFECT (RESULT)

III. CAUSE AND EFFECT

III. What are the (REASON AND RESULT)
reasons for stress
and what are its
effects on people?

Prepared by CMDU
 INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH

• General information
about the topic can be a:
General information about the topic
• fact
More specific information
• famous quotation
• definition Thesis statement
• big/shocking/surprising/general idea or fact about the topic

• More specific information about the question/prompt should:

• connect the general information and the thesis
• be more specific – use information from the question

• Thesis should:
• state the purpose of the essay (essay type)
• include all controlling ideas when appropriate

Prepared by CMDU
Which sentence below is a good thesis statement?
Why?

a) There are a lot of causes of being successful.

b) Being successful is important.
c) Some causes of being successful are fame,
wealth and power.

Prepared by CMDU
Ex. 1 Why do people get divorced?

Getting married is one of the happiest experiences people can

have in their lives. However, after some time, some couples
realize that their relationship is not working. As a result, they
get divorced. There are several reasons why marriages fail
which are money issues, cheating, and not knowing each
other well enough.

Prepared by CMDU
 Ex. 2 What are the impacts of starting university?

A person starts his education in kindergarten and then attends primary,

secondary and high school before he or she starts university. Attending
a university is a very important and interesting experience in a
person’s life because university affects a person deeply. The three main
effects of starting a university are missing old friends, learning how to
survive during university, and developing responsible behaviour.

Prepared by CMDU
 CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH

• Paraphrased thesis
• write your thesis again, but use different words

• Short summary / general information

• you can:
• write a summary about the main ideas of the essay
• write some general information about the topic that is meaningful

• Final sentence can be:

Concluding Sentence
• advice
• your opinion Summary
• your feelings
Opinion

Prepared by CMDU
Read the thesis statement and choose the best concluding
sentence.
Increase in the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol, increased
fast food consumption, and acts of violence among children and
teenagers are some of the negative effects of media.
a) In conclusion, teenagers should stay away from media
sources.
b) To sum up, media has several negative effects on children
and teenagers.
c) Media has various negative effects.

Prepared by CMDU
 Ex. 1 Why do people get divorced?

To sum up, there are many reasons why people get a

divorce. Getting a divorce is never easy, but it is the
right thing to do for many couples. Therefore, before
getting married, couples should get to know each
other very well and take into consideration all the
pros and cons of marriage.

Prepared by CMDU
 Ex. 3 What are the impacts of starting
university education?

To conclude, the effects of starting university can be quite

dramatic. However, just like everything that is new in our
lives, entering a university can be terrifying at first, but, with
a little bit of effort, it can become one of the greatest
experiences of our lives. It is very important to enjoy
university studies because it can help us become
independent and responsible.

Prepared by CMDU
Now, you are ready to write an
introduction and conclusion
paragraph in class.