VITAL

SIGNS
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 BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls
during contraction and relaxation of the heart.
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 01 02
FACTORS AFFECTING
SYSTOLIC/DIASTOLIC

PRESSURE BLOOD PRESSURE

03 04
CLASSIFICATION OF SPHYGMOMANOMETER

BLOOD PRESSURE
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 SYSTOLIC/DIASTOLIC
PRESSURE
 SYSTOLIC PRESSURE - refers to the pressure inside the artery when the

01
heart contracts and pumps blood through the body.
 DIASTOLIC PRESSURE - refers to the pressure inside the artery when the
heart is at rest and is filling with blood.
 PULSE PRESSURE - is the difference between the upper and lower numbers
of your blood pressure. This number can be an indicator of health problems
before you develop symptoms. Your pulse pressure can also sometimes that
you're at risk for certain diseases or conditions.
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 FACTORS AFFECTING
AFFECTING
 AGE
BLOOD PRESSURE

02
 EXERCISE
 STRESS
 RACE
 SEX
 MEDICATION
 OBESITY
 DIURNAL VARIATIONS
 MEDICAL CONDITIONS
 TEMPERATURE

 HYPERTENTION
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 HYPOTENSION
 HYPERTENSION

 blood pressure that is higher than normal.

 The higher your blood pressure levels, the more risk you
have for other health problems, such as heart disease, 
heart attack, and stroke.
 It can happen because of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such
as not getting enough regular physical activity. 
Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and having
obesity, can also increase the risk for developing high
blood pressure. 
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 HYPOTENSION
 Is when your blood pressure is much lower than expected.
 It may not cause symptoms, but when it does, it can require
medical attention.
 Orthostatic hypotension - is a sudden drop in blood pressure
when you stand from a seated or prone (lying down) position.
You may feel dizzy or even faint.
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 CLASIFICATION OF BLOOD
PRESSURE

03
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 SPHYGMOMANOMETER

04   It is a device used to measure blood pressure

 The sphygmomanometer was invented by 
Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch in the year 1881.
 Further improvement came in 1905 when Russian physician Nikolai
Korotkov included diastolic blood pressure measurement following his
discovery of "Korotkoff sounds." 
  Manual sphygmomanometers are used with a stethoscope when using
the auscultatory technique.
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 PARTS OF
SPHYGMOMANOME
TER
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 1. BLADDER
The bladder is an inflatable bag, when filled squeeze the
arms to block the artery or used to compress the arm to
occlude the artery.
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 2. CUFF
Cuff is designed to hold the bladder around the upper
arm during the measurement. It inflated to stop the flow
of blood in the artery. A pressure meter indicates the
cuff’s pressure.
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 3. BULB
A small, handheld air pump inflated the
blood pressure inside the cuff
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 4. VALVE
Valve allows for controlled deflation of the cuff and it
is important for accurate measurement.
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 5. MANOMETER
It is the part of the sphygmomanometer that
measures the blood pressure in mmHg.
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 Did you know?
3 major types of sphygmomanometers
1. Mercury sphygmomanometer
2. Aneroid sphygmomanometer
3. Digital sphygmomanometer
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 1. Mercury sphygmomanometer
The mercury sphygmomanometer has been the gold standard for blood pressure
measurement but it is not practical to be used in community setting.
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 2. Aneroid sphygmomanometer
In the Aneroid device, the cuff is attached to a dial gauge with tubing.
Aneroid gauge head are mechanical parts that convert the cuff pressure into
gauge-based reading. 
 
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 3. Digital sphygmomanometer
A digital sphygmomanometer is a sphygmomanometer that uses
an electronic pressure sensor to measure blood pressure
electronically, readings are presented on a digital display.
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 Did you know?
Pandas don’t hibernate.
When winter approaches, they head lower down their mountain homes to warmer
temperatures, where they continue to chomp away on bamboo!

There are more kangaroos than humans in Australia.

It is estimated that more than 50 million kangaroos live there. They are Australia’s
national symbol and appear on postage stamps, coins, and airplanes.

Koalas are even more lazy than cats.

Koalas don’t have much energy and, when not feasting on leaves, they spend their
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time dozing in the branches. Believe it or not, they can sleep for up to 18 hours a day!
Thank you!
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 Editable Icons
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