MA 101 – METHODS OF RESEARCH

CHRISTAL GUNO-
TABANCURA
MAED-FIL
 POPU L AT I ON
AN D SA M P L IN G
 POPULATION
• A complete set of elements (persons or objects) that possess some common
characteristics defined by the sampling criteria established by the researcher
• Is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions.
• It can be defined in terms of geographical location, age, income, and many
other characteristics.
• It can be very broad
• It is important to carefully define your target population according to the
purpose and practicalities of your project.
TWO GROUPS OF POPULATION
• TARGET POPULATION (UNIVERSE)
-The entire group of people or objects to which the researcher
wishes to generalize the study finding
EXAMPLES:

-All people with AIDS

-All low birth weight infants
-All school-age children with asthma
-All pregnant teens
•ACCESSIBLE POPULATION
- The portion of the population to which the researcher has reasonable access; may
be a subset of the target population
- May be limited to region, state, city, country, or institution
EXAMPLES:
-All people with AIDS in the metropolitan St. Louis area
-All low birth weigh infants admitted to the neonatal icu’s in st. Louis
city.
-All pregnant teens in the region x.
SAMPLE

•The selected elements (people or objects)

chosen for participation in a study; people are
referred to as subjects or participants.
 SAMPLING
•The process of selecting a group of people, events, behaviors, or
other elements with which to conduct a study
•Is a method that allows researches to infer information about a
population based on results from a subset of the population,
without having to investigate every individual.
•Reducing the number of individuals in a study reduces the cost
and workload, and may make it easier to obtain high quality
information.
•Representative of the whole population.
•IsSAMPLING
the actual list ofFRAME
individuals that the sample will be drawn from.
•Could be extremely large if population is national or international
in nature
•Frame is needed so that everyone in the population is identified so
they will have an equal opportunity for selection as a subject
(element)
•Example: a list of all school-age children with asthma treated in
pediatric asthma clinics in university-affiliated medical centers in
the midwest
SAMPLE SIZE
•The number of individuals you should include in your
sample depends on various factors, including the size
and variability of the population and your research
design.
PARTICIPANTS
• Research participant,, RESPONDENTS, ANDorSUBJECT
also called a human subject an experiment,
trial, or study participant or subject, is a person who voluntarily
participates in human subject research after giving informed consent
to be the subject of the research. On the other hand, individuals who
are not able to give informed consent, such as children, infants and
animals are preferentially referred to as subjects. While respondents
are those individuals who complete a survey or interview for the
researcher, or who provide data to be analyzed for the research study.
Respondents can be at any age, but determined by the scope of the
study, and must agree to informed consent to participate.
Respondents can be referred to as participants.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING !

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