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Health
Quarter 4 – Module: 4a
Nature of
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

NegOr_Q4_MAPEH7_Module4a_v2
MAPEH – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4a: Nature of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jhorwin C. Elentorio

Editors: Celene June Brendan J. Dumagan, Mary Rose G. Acupanda
Rowena Z. Ambata
Reviewer: Bethel- Anne S. Parco
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Jenith C. Cabajon
Joelyza M. Arcilla Ed.D Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, Ed.D Maricel S. Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D Elmar L. Cabrera
Dan P. Alar, Ed.D

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,

can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,

exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-

step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need

to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the

lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your

learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be

honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also

provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can

best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part

of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And

read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the

tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

Welcome to the first part of your lesson in prevention and control of diseases
and disorders. In the previous lesson, you have learned about mental health as a
dimension of holistic health for a healthy life. As we journey in attaining holistic
health, we need to understand all about diseases. In general, there are two types
of diseases: Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases. Communicable
diseases are diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another. Non-
communicable diseases (NCDs) on the other hand, are diseases that cannot be
transmitted from one person to another. This module deals with the prevention and
control of non-communicable diseases.

As an advocate of health, it is important for you to know the common types of

diseases and how you could possibly avoid signs and symptoms that may lead to
these kinds of diseases. You might also want to help others by sharing what you
have learned in this module for them to attain optimum health as well.

What I Know

Task 1. Classify it!

Instructions. Place each disease under the correct category. Copy the table below
and write your answer in your Health notebook.

Allergy Arthritis Asthma

Cancer COVID-19 Diabetes
Ebola Flu Hepatitis
HIV/AIDS Measles Renal Failure
Tuberculosis Cardiovascular Disease Sexually Transmitted Disease

Communicable Diseases Non-communicable Diseases

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 What’s In
Task 2: Reflect, Write and Share

Objective: List down words or phrases about non-communicable diseases.

Instructions: Think of everything you know about Non-Communicable Diseases
(NCD). Write down words or phrase that you associate with NCD.

NCD

What’s New?

Task 3: Process Questions. Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences and
write your answers in your Health notebook.

1. Based on what you have learned in the previous lessons, how can you live a healthy
life and avoid non-communicable diseases?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3 NegOr_Q4_MAPEH7_Module4a_v2
2. In what way can you help others prevent non-communicable diseases?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Non-communicable Diseases or NCDs

Non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot be transmitted from one
person to another. These diseases are not caused by pathogens or disease-causing
organisms such as bacteria or viruses. It is caused by how people live (lifestyle}, by
the conditions with which they are born (hereditary or congenital) or by the hazards
around them (environment). It also includes diseases caused by the breakdown of the
body tissues (degenerative diseases), poor diet, occupational hazards, stress, and
tension.
Common Non-communicable Diseases
1. Allergy is a misguided reaction to foreign substances by the immune system.
These foreign substances that trigger allergy are called allergen. Examples include
pollens, dust mite, molds, dander, drugs, and certain foods. People prone to
allergies are said to be allergic.
a. Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is the most common allergy. It is usually consisting of
seasonal nasal symptoms and are caused by pollens of plants flowering in season.
Example, flowering of mango tree. Signs and symptoms: runny nose, stuffy nose,
sneezing, nasal itching, itchy ears, and throat, and post-nasal drip (throat clearing).
b. Allergic conjunctivitis or “piskat” is inflammation of the tissue layers (membranes)
that cover the surface of the eyeball and under the surface of the eyelid. Signs and
symptoms: redness under the lids and the eyes, watery, itchy eyes, swelling of the
membranes.
c. Allergic eczema or “til-asan” is an allergic rash that is usually caused by skin
contact with an allergen (commonly by til-as or dapaw). Sign and symptoms: itching,
redness, and or dryness of the skin, rash on the face, around the eyes, elbow and
behind knees.
d. Hives (urticaria) or “dupang” are skin reactions that appear as itchy swellings and
can occur on any part of the body. Hives can be caused by an allergic reaction,
such as to food, pollen, or medication, but they may also occur in non-allergic
people. Signs and symptoms: raised red welts or swollen mark and intense itching.
e. Allergic shock or (anaphylactic shock) is a life-threatening reaction that can affect
several organs at the same time. It typically occurs when the allergen is eaten (for
example, foods) or injected (for example, a bee sting). Signs and symptoms: hives
or reddish discoloration of the skin, nasal congestion, swelling of the throat,
stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, wheezing, and low blood
pressure.
2. Asthma or “hubak” is a chronic lung disorder that causes airways or bronchus (the
tubes that carry air into and out of the lungs) to become inflamed and constricted.
They swell and produce lots of thick mucus and may result to respiratory infections.

4 NegOr_Q4_MAPEH7_Module4a_v2
 Signs and symptoms: shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and chest
tightness.

3. Cardiovascular disease is the disease of the heart and blood vessels.

a. Heart (cardio) Diseases
Congenital heart disease is an abnormality in the heart’s structure. This is present
since birth but may be discovered later in life. Example patent ductus arteriosus or
“buslot sa kasing-kasing”.
b. Vascular (blood vessel) Diseases
Arteriosclerosis is characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls.
Atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis. It occurs when fatty substance such as
cholesterol is deposited on the walls of the arteries, making the vessels hard,
narrow, and less elastic
4. Cancer is caused by abnormal cells growing without control. As these abnormal
cells grow, they form in masses called tumors. Tumors can be either be:
a. Benign Cancer – masses of cells that are not cancerous and do not spread
(localized and does not aggressively invade other tissues).
b. Malignant Cancer – masses of cells that are cancerous and may spread
aggressively to other parts of the body. This spreading is called metastasis.
Signs and symptoms: A sore that does not heal and a thickening or lump anywhere
in the body.
5. Diabetes is a disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy.
Carbohydrates are normally changed into a simple sugar called glucose (source of
energy) Insulin, the hormone produced in the pancreas, regulates the level of
glucose in the blood.
6. Arthritis refers to the inflammation of joints. It usually occurs during old age.
a. Rheumatoid Arthritis causes pain and swelling in many joints throughout the body.
It is an autoimmune disease which happens when the body’s immune system
attacks healthy cells by mistake. This can lead to joint deformity and crippling.
b. Osteoarthritis is a disease of older people. It results from the wear and tear of
joints, especially those of the hands, hips, knees, and spine.
Signs and symptoms: Pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, redness, and warmth.
7. Kidney or Renal Failure is a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to
adequately filter waste products from the blood. Renal failure is mainly determined
by a decrease in a glomerular filtration rate of the kidney.

What’s more
Task 4. Complete Me!
Objective: List down the causes, signs, and symptoms of non-communicable
disease.
Instructions: Fill in the table below with the appropriate information about the
common non-communicable disease. Be guided by the headings in each column.
Copy the table and write your answers in your Health notebook.

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 Common Cause Signs and Symptoms
Non-communicable Disease
1. Allergy (Hay fever)
2. Asthma
3. Cancer
4. Osteoarthritis
5. Rheumatoid Arthritis

What I Have Learned

Share your insights. Complete the following statements in your Health notebook.

I have learned that stress is ______________________________.

I have discovered that stress is not_________________________.

From now on, when I am in a stressful situation, I will seek help from
my_____________________

What I Can Do

TASK 5. Reflect, Write and Share. In this activity, you will focus on the nature,
similarities, and differences of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Objectives:
1. List down words or phrases about the similarities of communicable and non-
communicable diseases on the space provided between the Venn diagram, and their
differences inside each circle.
2. Record new concepts with your prior knowledge about these two types of diseases.
Instructions: Copy the Venn diagram below and write your answers in your Health
notebook.

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 Assessment

A. Multiple Choice
Instructions: Identify what is asked or described in each item. Write the letter of your
answers in your Health notebook.

1. Which is a non-communicable disease?

A. Cancer B. Covid 19 C. Influenza D. Tuberculosis
2. A medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products from
the blood.
A. Allergy B. Asthma C. Diabetes D. Kidney Failure
3. A chronic lung disorder that causes airways or bronchus (the tubes that carry air
into and out of the lungs) to become inflamed and constricted.
A. Allergy B. Asthma C. Diabetes D. Kidney Failure
4. A misguided reaction to foreign substances by the immune system. These foreign
substances that trigger allergy are called allergen.
A. Allergy B. Asthma C. Diabetes D. Kidney Failure
5. A disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy
A. Allergy B. Asthma C. Diabetes D. Kidney Failure
6.Is a life-threatening reaction that can affect several organs at the same time
A. Allergic Conjunctivitis B. Allergic Eczema C. Allergic Rhinitis D. Allergic Shock

7 NegOr_Q4_MAPEH7_Module4a_v2
7. It is usually consisting of seasonal nasal symptoms and are caused by pollens of
plants flowering in season.
A. Allergic Conjunctivitis B. Allergic Eczema C. Allergic Rhinitis D. Allergic Shock
8. It is an allergic rash that is usually caused by skin contact with an allergen
(commonly by til-as or dapaw.
A. Allergic Conjunctivitis B. Allergic Eczema C. Allergic Rhinitis D. Allergic Shock
9. Is inflammation of the tissue layers (membranes) that cover the surface of the
eyeball and under the surface of the eyelid.
A. Allergic Conjunctivitis B. Allergic Eczema C. Allergic Rhinitis D. Allergic Shock
10. Is caused by abnormal cells growing without control. As these abnormal cells
grow, they form in masses called tumors.
A. Allergy B. Asthma C. Cancer D. Kidney Failure

Additional Activity

TASK 6: Health Diary

In this activity, you will check your learning on Non-Communicable Diseases.
Objective: Recall your learning and realization about non-communicable diseases.
Directions: Complete the statement and write something about what you learned on
non-communicable diseases.

Health Diary,
Today I learned that __________________________
___________________________________________
This learning is important because _______________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
I realized that ________________________________
___________________________________________
I feel _______________________________________
___________________________________________

8 NegOr_Q4_MAPEH7_Module4a_v2
NegOr_Q4_MAPEH7_Module4a_v2 9
CDs NCDs
Allergy Ebola Hepatitis
Arthritis Flu
Asthma HIV/AIDS
Cancer Measles
Cardiovascular Disease COVID-19
Diabetes Sexually Transmitted
Disease
Renal Failure
Tuberculosis
WHAT I KNOW
What’s In/What’s New/What I Can Do – Answers may vary
What’s More
Common Cause Signs and Symptoms
Non-communicable Disease
1. Allergy (Hay fever) caused by pollen of plants seasonal nasal
flowering in season
2. Asthma caused by airways or Shortness of breath,
bronchus wheezing, coughing &
chest tightness
3. Cancer caused by abnormal cells A sore that does not heal &
growing without control a thickening or lump
anywhere in the body
4. Osteoarthritis Wear and tear of joints Pain, swelling, stiffness,
tenderness, redness &
warmth
5. Rheumatoid Arthritis Caused pain and swelling Joint deformity and
in any joints throughout the crippling
body
ASSESSMENT
1. A 6. D
2. D 7. C
3. B 8. B
4. A 9. A
5. C 10. C
Answer Key
References
Pabelico, N. et al. 2017. Physical Education and Health Learner's Material. Pasig City: FEP Printing
Corporation .

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net