STYLES, STANDARS AND NON

STANDARDS VARIETIES
Group Members
◦Bad-e-sehar
◦Aqsa Jalil
◦Ayesha Saeed
 01
Introduction
By Bad-e-sehar
19746
 Resource Articles
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.acethepresentation.com/types-of-speech-
styles/
&ved=2ahUKEwi5mrTZpLz4AhXCOuwKHYo_AW4QFnoECFQQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0X8qRrMSEJRch1sRI9gd5b
Written by Emidio Amadebaiin Public Speaking & Presentation Skills
Hickey, Raymond 2003. ‘Rectifying a standard deficiency. Pronominal distinctions in varieties of English’, in: Irma
Taavitsainen and Andreas H. Jucker (eds), Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems, Pragmatics and
Beyond, New Series, Vol. 107. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 345-374.
Holm, John 1994. ‘English in the Caribbean’, in Burchfield, Robert (ed.) 1994. English in Britain and Overseas.
Origins and Development. The Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. 5. Cambridge: University Press, pp.
328-81.
 Styles
Martin Joos, a famous german linguistic and professor, was the first one to organize the speeches according
to their variations, having come up with 5 speech styles, depending on their degree of formality:
Joos suggest five styles In spoken English based on Scale of formality.
1. Frozen style
2. Formal style
3. Consultative style
4. Casual style
5. Intimate style
Frozen Style
◦ Most formal communicated style.
◦ Style used in formal setting.
◦ Most formal communicative style
for respectful situations.
◦ Words are precise and carefully
chosen.
◦ Examples:- Pledges, anthems,
marriage ceremonies, laws, etc.
 Intimate Style
◦ This speech style is for very close relationships like
couples, family, and best friends.
◦ Used in conversation between people who are very
close and know each other.
◦ Communicators understand each other even with just a
single nonverbal gesture or behavior.
◦ EXAMPLES: Couple talking about their future plans,
family sharing ideas, very close friends sharing secrets,
etc.
 Formal Style
◦ Straightforward speeches.
◦ Speaker avoids using slang terminologies.
◦ Formal speech type is one-way, in which the speaker simply
transmits information to the listener.
◦ The formal type of speech style often does not encourage
listeners’ participation or interaction among communicators.
◦ EXAMPLES: Announcements, SONA, welcome addresses, etc
Casual style
◦ Informal communication between groups and peers.
◦ Characterized by slang meanings or expressions.
◦ Casual style is used in conversation between friends
and insiders.
◦ EXAMPLES: phone calls, everyday conversation
with friends, chats, inside jokes of friends, etc.
 Consultative Style
◦ Used in semi-formal communication.
◦ Involves cooperation but does not necessarily
require involvement.
◦ Communication using the consultative style
is automatic.
◦ EXAMPLES: regular classroom
discussions, doctor-patient, etc.
O2 Standard language
Ayesha Saeed
30820
Standard Language
Definition
“
The official variety of a language is said to be the standard
form of the particular langauge. It is the ideal form of a
langauge. It is a variety that's recognized as more "correct"
and acceptable than other varieties. It is the idealized
variety of a language.

13
● Standard languages are usually based on an existing
dialect of the language.

● It is the variety defined in dictionaries, grammars, and

usage guides.

● It is easily described in terms of written language.

● Example:

● British English, Scottish English and Australian English

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“Uses”

● The language is one that is used in education by govt and

media, and in other official language proceeding of that
language.
● This language is used by educated people while writing books,
lecturing and for the formal conversation.
● This language is used in a domains of power such as Judiciary,
adminstration armed, forces and politics.
● The language which we speak at home or speak with friends is
not standard language. When we use the languages for interview
or for other official purpose,we used standard language.

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Characteristics of Standard Language:

● It is an idealized variety of a language.

● It has no specific region.
● It is associated with administrative, commercial and
educational centres, regardless of region.
● It is well documented
● Most of the times dictionaries are based on standard
variety of a language.

16
 Characteristics of Standard Language:

● It is the version we find in printed English in

newspapers, books and the mass media.
● It is the variety used in most works of fiction, in
scientific and other technical articles.
● The variety we normally try to teach to those who
want to learn English as a second or foreign language.

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Characteristics of Standard Language:

● It is clearly associated with education and broadcasting

in public contexts.
● It is more easily described in terms of features associated
with the written language (i.e. vocabulary, spelling,
grammar)than the spoken language.

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03 Non Standard
varieties
Aqsa Jalil
30820
NON – STANDARD VARIETIES :
◦ DEFINITION :

◦ Non-standard variety is the informal version of the language, which can change, depending on where it is
being spoken.
◦ A non-standard variety is not given the legal status and generally, no references are available.
◦ There is informal language, some incorrect spellings, Simpler words and phrases, lots of slangs are
included in non – standard variations.
 USES
◦ There are so many non-standard languages which are spoken by different regions. When we talk about
English,
◦ Non-standard English is an informal version of English, it usually contains slang words that wouldn’t be
used in more formal or professional settings.
◦ It is used in letters to friends and family, we tend to write in non-standard English.
◦ There are so many non-standard languages which are spoken in pakistan like in punjab, sindh,
balochistan, kpk, Southern punjab etc.
EXAMPLE
◦ In English language, there is clear difference between standard and non – standard English.

STANDARD. NON-STANDARD
◦ were you on time? Was you on time?
◦ He doesn’t care. He don’t care.
◦ They played well. They played good.
◦ Can you teach me the rules? Can you learn me the rules?
 EXAMPLE :
When we talk about Punjabi then we will know punjabi is spoken As a first language by almost 39% of the
people in pakistan.
Like pahari – pothowari is non – standard spoken on the side of Azad kashmir, Jammu kashmir and also in
parts of Rawalpindi .

POTHWARI. PUNJABI .
Mainkarsaan. Main Karanga
Asi Karsaan. Asi Karaange
Tu karsain . Tu karenga
CONCLUSION
BY
AQSA JALIL