Anthropology

Marie Antoinette B. Badilles

 Defining anthropology

✣ This studies the human culture and history. Humans evolve

because of circumstances and conditions.

✣ It has four sub disciplines:

⨳ Sociocultural
⨳ Archeological
⨳ Biological
⨳ Linguistic

2
 Cultural Anthropology

✣ It refers to the study of human society and culture.

✣ In this field, it also investigates cultural similarities and differences and

also beyond time; the past and the present.

✣ Under this is ethnography and ethnology:

⨳ Ethnography collects data, often in form of texts and accounts on a particular
group of people.
⨳ Ethnology summarizes data collected and used to compare cultures.

3
 In Anthropology

✣ The cultural conception of the ‘self” and identity is a

concern in anthropological discourse. The self is secondary
to culture and society as they provide situations and the
environment to which an individual is formed into a
significant entity.

4
Philippines: Before
Philippines: NOW And Now
before

5
 Archaeological anthropology
✣ This field aims to reconstruct and understand human
behavior through ancient materials.

✣ It could vary: from pots, to ancient vandalisms, drawings,

etc.

✣ What do you think will future humanity construct of us in

the 21st century?

✣ Otzi man and his gears


6
 Biological/Physical anthropology
✣ Its goal is to understand human evolution through fossil, human
genetics, growth, and development.

✣ Primate behaviors to human behaviors.

✣ Some interesting facts on human evolution:

⨳ Laughter has a purpose

⨳ Nails date back to the primates
⨳ Eyebrows saved our species
⨳ The tail bone
⨳ Hangover genes 7
 Linguistic Anthropology
✣ This studies the use and transformation of
language in terms of its social and cultural
context.
✣ The association of language and culture is
also investigates.
✣ Researchers uses ancient documents or
endangered languages.
✣ According to UNESCO, about 43% of the
estimated 6000 languages in the world are
endangered. cvv

8
 Culture is infused in our identity Shared

✣ According to Kottak (2008) culture is a set of Adaptive

and Symbolic
behavior, beliefs, and traditions passed maladapti
through a complex form of social interaction, ve
which is formally known as enculturation.
✣ As cultural behaviors are handed down from
one generation to the next, it is constantly
Culture
Natural
added and/or reduced. Encompa
ssing
✣ Culture does not necessarily equate to
humans but humanity.
Integrate Learned
d
9
 Philosophy
The self is the result of internal
factors: the body and the soul,
matter and form, impressions and
ideas, mind and behavior, and so
on.
Sociology Anthropology
The self is a product of human to The self developed because of
human interaction since birth to 9 culture, traditions, beliefs, and
years old. other forms of evolution.
What we covered so far…
10