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FOOD & NUTRITION

Sunny Yadav
BPH, TU

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 1


NUTRITION
• Science of food & its relation to health
• On the basic of quality or size, it is of two types –
1. Macronutrients: Need large quantities. E.g. Carbohydrates, Proteins & fats
(Proximate principles)
2. Micronutrient: Need small quantities. E.g. Vitamins and minerals (Hidden
hunger)
• On the basic of function, it is of three types –
1. Body building: Proteins
2. Energy giving: Carbohydrates and fats
3. Protective: Proteins, vitamins and minerals.
• Hidden hunger is due to Vitamin A, Iron & Iodine.
• Balance diet:
- Carbohydrates: 65-8 % of total body energy
- Proteins: 10-15 % of total body energy
- Fats: 15-30 % of total body energy
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 2
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is Q. Which of the following is
body building food? micronutrient?
a) Carbohydrates a) Proteins
b) Proteins b) Vitamins
c) Vitamins c) Lipids
d) Fats d) Starch
Q. Energy giving foods are Q. Hidden hunger is not due to
called: deficiency of:
a) Carbohydrates a) Iron
b) Proteins b) Vitamin A
c) Vitamins c) Proteins
d) Minerals d) Iodine
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 3
CARBOHYDRATES
Facts Sources Daily Deficiency Functions
requirements
Carbohydrates  Greatest Reach source: 0 – 6 month: Decrease  Provides
+ fats give source of sugar juice, 108 growth, energy
maximum energy dried fruits, kcal/kg/day weakness, tissue  Oxidation
energy  Cellulose is grains, cereals 7 – 12 month: wasting, of fat
It constitute indigestible High source: 98 kcal/kg/day metabolic  Synthesis
about 1% of component banana, 1 – 3 years: acidosis etc of non-
total body of potato, liver 1240 Dietary fibers are essential
weight carbohydrat Other source : kcal/kg/day absent in animal amino
e with no egg, fish, milk, 4 – 6 years: food & prevent acids
nutritive breads, etc 1690 constipation and  Reserves
value 3 main source- kcal/kg/day reduce incidence glycogen
starch, 7 – 9 years: of CHD of human
cellulose & 1950 adult is
sugar kcal/kg/day about 500
gm

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 4


PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is Q. The end product of
source of carbohydrates? carbohydrate is:
a) Starch a) Amino acids
b) Cellulose b) Glucose
c) Sugar
c) Maltose
d) All of the above
d) Starch
Q. Which of the following is
indigestible product of Q. Carbohydrates store in the
carbohydrates? human body in the for of:
a) Lactose a) Glucose
b) Maltose b) Cellulose
c) Cellulose c) Glycogen
d) Sucrose d) Starch
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 5
PROTEINS
• Proteins are soluble in water
• Most important nutrient
• Constitute about 20% of total body weight
• Cereal proteins are deficient in lysine
• Pulse proteins are deficient in methionine
• Deamination of protein takes place in liver
• Best measure to assess the state of protein nutrition is S. albumin
• Reachest source : soyabaen (43.2 gm / 100 gm, poor’s man
meat), green gram (mung)
• Deficiency: acute diarrhea, ARI, abortion, anemia, skin changes,
slow growth

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 6


PROTEINS
• Daily Requirement:
– Normal: 1 (0.83) gm / kg / day
– Children: 1- 2 gm / kg/ day (double of adult)
– Pregnancy: +23 gm /day
– Lactation: 0-6 months: +19 gm / day >6 months: +13 gm / day
• Functions:
– Growth and development
– Maintenance of osmotic pressure
– Synthesis of enzyme, antibodies, plasma proteins, hormones ,
hemoglobin, coagulation factors
– Repair and maintenance of body tissues

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 7


PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. High amount of protein is Q. The end product of protein
found in: is:
a) Milk and milk products a) Amino acids
b) Grains and legumes b) Glucose
c) Eggs and meat
c) Fatty acids
d) All of the above
d) Amines
Q. Which of the following
disorder is caused by the Q. A protein is made up of how
deficiency of proteins many amino acids?
a) Acute diarrhea & ARI a) 10
b) Muscle fatigue b) 20
c) Weight loss c) 30
d) All of the above d) 50
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 8
FATS OR LIPIDS
Facts Sources Daily Deficiency Functions
requirements
 Main form of Reachest Excess of fat Deficiency :  Source of
energy source : cause: Obesity, obesity, energy
 10-15 % of vegetable oils Coronary Heart hypertension,  Insulation of
total body Other sources Disease, Cancer phrenoderma body
weight : liver, egg (Colon & (toad skin- rough  Carries fat
Richest source of yolk, milk, breast) & dry skin) soluble
essential fatty acid ghee, butter, vitamins (A,
is safflower oil – coconut, etc D, E and K)
73% and  Synthesis of
sunflower oil – cell
56% membrane
 Support
viscera

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 9


PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is Q. The end product of fat is:
not lipid? a) Amino acids
a) Fats b) Glucose
b) Oils
c) Fatty acids
c) Proteins
d) Amines
d) Waxes
Q. The richest source of fat
Q. Fat storing cells in the
human body are called:
is:
a) Hepatocytes a) Milk and milk products
b) Adipocytes b) Red meat
c) Melanocytes c) Vegetable oils
d) All of the above d) Coconut
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 10
VITAMINS
• Non-energy producing organic compound
• Essential for normal metabolism
• Essential for growth, reproduction and
maintenance
• Types of vitamin:
a) Fat soluble : Vitamin A , D , E and K
b) Water soluble : Vitamin B and C

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 11


FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS – VITAMIN A
• Vitamin A (Retinol) is anti-infective vitamin
• Vitamin A is of two types -  
1. Preformed vitamin A is Retinol found in animal source
2. Proformed vitamin A is Beta carotene found in plant source
• Heat stable in absence of air
• Acts as anti-oxidant & anti-cancer
• Destroyed in exposure to air/UV rays
• Can be synthesized in liver
• Liver can store vitamin A for 6 – 9 months
• Rhodopsin & Idopsin are visual pigments
• Daily requirements: 500 IU/ day or 600 microgram, 800 mcg
(pregnancy), 950 mcg (lactation) 350 mcg (infants)
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 12
VITAMIN A (RETINOL)
• Richest source : carrot (plant reachest source, 1167 mcg/gm),
Halibut liver oil (9 lakh mcg/gm) or cod liver oil (1800 mcg/gm)
(Sea fish – animal reachest source)
• Major source : Spinach, meat, yellow fruits, green leafy
vegetables, butter, egg, milk, etc
•  Deficiency: Xerophthalmia
• Functions:
– Generally used for better vision
– Essential during pregnancy and lactation
– Keeps epithelial tissue and cornea healthy
– Retinol forms rhodopsin in rod cells and iodopsin in cone
cells of retina
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 13
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
vitamin
Vitamin D  Synthesize Richest 200 – 400 Rickets (in  Absorption
(Calciferol) d in skin source : IU/day child) &
Sunshine from sun light Adult: 2.5 Osteomalacia metabolism
vitamin / kidney cholesterol Rich microgram (in adult) of calcium
hormone by UV rays source : Child: 5 Excess: and
Has 2 forms D2  Vitamin D fish , liver microgram hypercalcemi phosphorus
(Calciferol / is not and oils Pregnancy a  Prolongs
ergosterol) & D3 destroyed Other & lactation: sexual
(Cholecalciferol) by ordinary source: 10 responses
temperature butter, microgram  Makes teeth
 Cholecalcif whole milk, 1 and bone
erol is egg yolk microgram strong
naturally of vitamin
occurring D = 40 IU
vitamin D

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 14


FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily reqDeficie Functions
vitamin ncy
Vitamin E  Acts as Richest 0.8 mg / g Hemorr  Prevents
(Tocoferol) anti - source : of essential hagic catabolism
Beauty oxidant cereals, fatty acids anemia, of poly-
vitamin / anti  Anti- germinating sterility, unsaturate
–aging toxin seeds, oils ataxia d fats
vitamin / anti vitamin Other  Makes
– sterility  Not source : skin
vitamin found in cotton seed, healthy
milk vegetable
 Also acts oils, egg
as anti- yolk, butter,
cancer etc

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 15


FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
vitamin
Vitamin K 2 types : Fresh 0.3 bleeding  Stored in
(Phylloquino vitamin K1 green mg/kg/d disorder liver and
ne) (plant vegetable ay Excess dose helps in
Menadione source) and s, carrot, cause blood
sodium / anti vitamin K2 cabbage, hyperbilirub coagulatio
– (animal tomato, inemia in n
hemorrhagic source) fish, liver, new born  Formation
vitamin fruits, of clotting
milk etc factors (II,
VII, IX, X)

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 16


PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is Q. The richest source of
not fat soluble vitamins? Vitamin A is:
a) Vitamin A a) Carrot
b) Vitamin C b) Papaya
c) Vitamin D c) Orange
d) Vitamin E d) Green vegetables
Q. Which of the following is Q. The deficiency of vitamin D
anti-cancer vitamin? is called:
a) Vitamin A a) Xerophthalmia
b) Vitamin B b) Osteomalacia
c) Vitamin E c) Hemorrhage
d) Vitamin K d) Abortion
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 17
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following vitamin Q. Which of the following is
is responsible for blood clotting? hormone precursor vitamin?
a) Vitamin A a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin K b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin D c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin E d) Vitamin K
Q. The daily requirement of Q. Injection of vitamin K is
Vitamin E is: given to the newborn to:
a) 500 IU a) Use peristalsis
b) 300 IU b) Decrease the risk of hemorrhage
c) 0.8 mg c) Use the risk of infection
d) 0.3 mg d) Use calcium absorption

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 18


WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily Deficienc Functions
vitamin req y
Vitamin C  Early Richest 40 – scurvy  Inhibits
(Ascorbic known source : 60 (bleeding nitrosamin
acid) vitamin Amla (Indian mg/day from e formation
Anti– viral
 Most heat goose berry) Total gum), in intestinal
vitamin sensitive and 2nd vitami delayed mucosa
and water richest source n C of wound  Absorption
soluble is guava human healing, of iron
 Acts as Rich source: body is anemia from
anti- Cabbage, 5 gram vegetable
oxidant cauliflower, foods
 Vitamin C orange,  Helps in
is absent in spinach, tissue
egg tomato oxidation
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 19
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
vitamin
Vitamin B1  Milk is Richest 0.5 Beri – beri  Metaboli
(Thiamin) important source : mg/1000  Dry beri – sm of
Lost from source of rice and kcal beri : carbohyd
rice during vitamin B1 wheat energy involvement rates
milling of  Alcoholics are Other of nerve  Provide
cereals, higher risk to source:  Wet beri – nutrition
polishing thiamin seeds, beri : to nerve
rice, cooking deficiency whole involvement
rice in lots of  Deficiency is grains, of heart
water and prevented by cereals,  Infantile beri
drainage parboiling of liver, – beri : seen
excess water rice groundnut in 2 – 4
in rice s, pulses. month child

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 20


WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
vitamin
Vitamin B2  Destroye Milk, 0.6 Angular  Plays
(Riboflavin d by light liver, mg/1000 stomatitis , important
)  Deficienc germinat kcal cheilosis , role in
y occurs ing energy glossitis , cellular
always seeds, cataract, oxidation
associate egg, dermatitis  Metabolis
d with pulse, m of
other B- whole carbohydra
complex cereals, tes and
vitamins green proteins
vegetabl
es

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 21


WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
vitamin
Vitamin B3  Tryptoph Rich 6.6 Pellagra ( 3D  Decreases
(Niacin or an acts as source : mg/1000 – Diarrhea, the
nicotinamid precursor liver , kcal of Dermatitis production
e or
Nicotinic of niacin meat , energy and Dementia of
acid)  60 mg of ground Niacin & disease of cholesterol
 Not tryptopha nut helps in poor man)  Metabolis
excreted n is Other normal Deficiency is m of
in urine required source: functionin seen in maize carbohydra
to Yeast, g of skin, dependence tes,
synthesiz egg, intestine population proteins &
ed 1 gm cheese, and fats
of niacin grains. nervous
system
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 22
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
vitamin
Vitamin B5  Acts as co Liver, yeast, 10 Acne, Plays important
(Pentothenic – enzyme egg yolk, fresh mg/day parasthesis role in bio –
acid) vegetable , alopecia, synthesis of
burning adrenal
sole corticosteroids
syndrome
Vitamin B6  Antagonist Green leafy 2 mg / Peripheral  Plays
(Pyridoxine) of vegetables , day neuritis important in
3 forms – pyridoxine cereals , whole (2.5 mg / metabolism of
pyridoxine , is isoniazid grains, fish, day for proteins , fats
pyridoxal and  Also acts milk, liver pregnanc and
pyridoxamine against (highest), y& carbohydrates
nausea in potato, egg lactation)  Helps in
pregnancy yolk, formation of
RBCs

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 23


WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
vitamin
Vitamin B7 - Egg yolk, - No specific Metabolism of amino
(Biotin) liver, deficiency acids
tomato
Vitamin B9 - Green Adult: 200 Megaloblastic  Formation of
(Folic acid) leafy mcg / day anemia, red blood cells
vegetable Pregnancy: glossitis , (RBCs)
s , fiber 500 mcg / infertility,  Helps in
diet, day cheilosis, synthesis of
meat, Lactation: neural tube nucleic acids
egg, 300 mcg / defect  Cell division in
dairy day intestine
products

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 24


WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
vitamin
Vitamin B12  Organo- Only Adult: 1 Megaloblastic  Formation
(Cyanocobal metallic found in micro anemia, of red blood
amine) compound animal gram / day pernicious cells (RBCs)
Highly heat with a source Pregnancy: anemia,  Synthesized
stable vitamin cobalt but not 1.2 micro infertility by bacteria
atom found in gram / day of colon
 Absorbed plant Lactation:  Stored in
from ileum source 1.5 micro liver (1-3
with gram / day years)
instrinsic Children:  DNA &
factors 0.2 micro myelin
gm / day sheath
synthesis

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 25


PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is Q. Which is most essential
not vitamin B? nutrient women during pregnancy
for prevention of birth defect?
a) Vitamin B1
a) Thiamine
b) Vitamin B4
b) Folic acid
c) Vitamin B6
c) Ascorbic acid
d) Vitamin B9 d) Cyanocobalamine
Q. The highest level of vitamin Q. Beri-beri is caused due to
C is found in: deficiency of:
a) Orange juice a) Vitamin B1
b) Indian goose berry b) Vitamin B3
c) Tomato c) Vitamin B6
d) Broccoli d) Vitamin B5
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 26
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following vitamin Q. The scientific name of
deficiency causes megaloblastic vitamin B6 is:
anemia? a) Pantothenic acid
a) Thiamine
b) Pyridoxine
b) Retinol
c) Riboflavin
c) Pyridoxine
d) Biotin
d) Cyanocobalamine
Q. Which vitamin is essential
Q. The deficiency of niacin
causes: for health of brain?
a) Rickets a) Vitamin B6
b) Scurvy b) Vitamin B9
c) Anemia c) Vitamin B12
d) Pellagra d) All of the above
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 27
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following vitamin Q. Which of the following vitamin
is responsible for wound healing? causes impotence?
a) Vitamin A a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin B6 c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin E d) Vitamin D
Q. The daily requirement of Q. Which vitamin deficiency
vitamin B6 is : causes dryness in lips, tongue
a) 200 mcg and skin?
b) 2 mg a) Vitamin B1
c) 10 mg b) Vitamin B2
d) 1 mg c) Vitamin B6
d) Vitamin E
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 28
MINERALS
• Types:
1. Macro – minerals (>100 mg/day) : Ca , P and Mg
2. Micro – minerals (<300 mg/day) : Fe , I , Zn , Cu , Co , Fl , etc
• Major minerals are Ca , P , Mg , Na and K
• Trace minerals are B , Pb , Al , Hg , Ba , Fe , I and Zn
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
Mineral
Sodium Human body Found in all 10-15 gm / Muscular Sodium loss
contains 100 gm body fluids day cramps through
sodium ion (Extracellular) sweat and
urine
Potassium Human body Mainly found in 90 mmol / Intracellular
contains 250 gm banana day
of potassium ion
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 29
MINERALS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
Mineral
Calcium  Total milk, milk 600 mg /day Deficiency :  Formation of
Most calcium products, for adult rickets, bone and teeth
abundant in body: egg, fish, 500 mg for osteomalacia,  Muscle
mineral in 1200 gm green leafy infants tetany contraction and
the body (98% of vegetables 1200 mg /day Excess: transmission of
(2% of total body). for Hypercalcemi nerve impulse
body  Normal pregnancy & a cause  Blood
weight) calcium lactation cardiac coagulation
level : 9 1 liter cow’s arrhythmias  Milk production
– 11.4 milk = 1.2
mgm% gm calcium

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 30


MINERALS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
Mineral
Iron  Iron High source 17 mg in male IDA (Iron  Hb synthesis
Vitamin C is status is is nuts but and 21 mg in Deficiency  Brain
needed for evaluated poor source female Anemia) development,
iron by serum is milk 35 mg in Diminished  Immune system
absorption ferratin Other pregnancy and work  Regulation of
1 gram iron source: 21 mg in for performance body temperature
produces 2 Liver, meat, lactation  Cellular
ml of blood fish, green Normal value respiration and
vegetables, in human catecholamine
pulses. blood : 80 – metabolism
120 gm/dl 1 gram Hemoglobin
. contains 3.3 mg of
iron & 1.34 ml oxygen

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 31


MINERALS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
Mineral
Magnesiu Our body Deficiency 340 mg/day Irritability, Essential for
m contain 25 seen in tetany, normal metabolism
gm Mg in chronic cardiac of Calcium and
all cells alcoholics , arrhythmias Phosphorus
PEM, and hyper –
cirrhosis of reflexia
liver,
toxamia of
pregnancy
Fluoride  Fluorida Major 0.5 – 2 mg/l Dental caries Essential for
tion of source is water Excess: normal
water water dental and mineralization of
prevent skeletal bone & dentine
dental fluorosis
carries
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 32
MINERALS
Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions
Mineral
Iodine Highly 150 Deficiency : Iodine helps in
1 kg  IDD is found in micro IDD (Iodine synthesis of
iodine prevented sea foods, gm / Deficiency thyroxine
contains by iodized day Disorder) hormone,
50 ppm at iodization salt Pregnan Deficiency normal growth
productio of salt Small cy: 200 cause: goiter, & development
n level, 30  Goiteroge amount in micro hypothyroidis Goiter is
ppm at ns are cereals, gm / m, mental commonly
retailer cabbage, milk & day retardation, found in
level & 15 cauliflowe mea spontaneous Himalayan
ppm at r & abortion and region
household thiocynate still birth.
level

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 33


PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is trace Q. Which of the following mineral
mineral? deficiency cause anemia?
a) Sodium a) Iron
b) Magnesium b) Iodine
c) Phosphorus c) Calcium
d) Aluminium d) Phosphorus
Q. Which of the following mineral Q. The daily requirement of
is responsible for mental health? iodine is:
a) Iron a) 10-15 gram
b) Iodine b) 600 mg
c) Sodium c) 150 mcg
d) Chloride d) None of the above

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 34


PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. Which of the following is Q. Which of the following is not
goiterogenic food? the function of iron?
a) Corns a) Oxygen transport
b) Green leafy vegetables b) Immune function
c) Cabbage c) Brain function
d) Tomato d) Gene regulation
Q. The main source of natural Q. Minerals are absorbed in
fluoride is: the form of:
a) Potatoes a) Molecules
b) Mushrooms b) Ions
c) Water c) Mixtures
d) Toothpastes d) Compounds
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 35
ENERGY VALUE
Nutrients Energy value Nutrients Energy value
Fiber 2 kcal/gm Egg 70 Kcal/piece
Proteins 4.1 kcal/gm Grapes 71 kcal/100 gm
Carbohydrate 4.3 kcal/gm Goat milk 72 kcal/100 gm

Alcohol 7 kcal/gm Mango 74 kcal/100 gm


Sitaphal 104 kcal/100 gm
Fat 9 kcal/gm
Papaya 32 kcal/100 gm
Banana (1 Piece) 104 kcal/100 gm
Orange 48 kcal/100 gm
Guava 51 kcal/100 gm
Buffalo milk 117 kcal/100 g m
Human Milk 65 kcal/100gm
Cow milk 67 kcal/100 gm Sarbottam pitho 350-370 kcal/100
Amla 68 kcal/100 gm gm
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 36
BALANCED DIET
• one which contains variety of food (such as
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
mineral and other) in such quantities that
adequately meet for maintaining health,
body functioning and general wellbeing.
• Balance diet reduces the prevalence of
nutritional deficiencies
• A balanced diet should provide around
– 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates,
– 10-15% from proteins and
– 20-30% from both visible and invisible fat.

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 37


BREAST FEEDING
• the feeding of babies and young children with milk from
women’s breast
• Continued upto 2 years of age or beyond.
• Exclusive breast feeding: feeding only mother's breast milk
to the baby for first 6 months after birth
• Colostrum: The first milk coming from mother's breast after
delivery of baby
• Composition of breast milk Per 100ml: calorie (energy)
71kcal, protein 1.2gm, fat 3.8gm, calcium 33mg% , Iron
0.15mg%, Phosphorus 15mg%, Vitamin 'A' 80IU, Vitamin 'D'
0.125IU , Vitamin 'C' 1.25mg, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, leucocytes,
lactoferrine, lysozyme etc.
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 38
BENEFITS OF BREAST FEEDING
• @BREAST FEEDING F = Fresh
B = Breast milk for child E = Economic
R = Relationship with E = Easy to feed and digest
mother and her baby D = Delay to pregnancy
E = Easy to digest I = Immunity
A = Available at any time N = Nutrition (all
S = Safe for child health nutrients)
T = Tasty G = Good baby

06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 39


WEANING
• Giving the child other nutritious foods in addition to
breast milk after the age of 6 months
• Complementary feeding: giving child other nutritious
food in addition to breast milk after age of 6 months
• Supplementary feeding: the distribution of food
supplement energy and other nutrients missing from
the diet of those who have special nutritional
requirements
• Expressed breast milk is considered a supplementary
feed
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 40
NUTRITION EDUCATION
• Nutrition Education is a systematically planned set of activities.
• Nutrition Education is an essential component to improve the
nutritional status of a population and is crucial for the well being
of people in general.
• Contents:
1. Quality of food during pregnancy
2. Quantity of food during pregnancy
3. Folic acid, iron and vitamin supplementation
4. Iodine supplementation
5. Calcium and protein supplementation
6. Breast feeding , Clostrum & Weaning food
7. Food at family meal, Feeding skills
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 41
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. 1 gram carbohydrates gives Q. Mother milk provides
a) 4 kcal energy a) 65 kcal energy /100 gram
b) 7 kcal energy b) 75 kcal energy /100 gram
c) 9 kcal energy c) 55 kcal energy /100 gram
d) 12 kcal energy d) 72 kcal energy /100 gram Q.
Q. Exclusive breast feeding is The milk made by the body in
first days after birth is called:
done till:
a) Colostrum
a) 6 months after delivery
b) Lactose
b) 24 months after delivery
c) Hind milk
c) 12 months after delivery
d) Weaning
d) 45 days after delivery
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 42
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. How often does a breastfed Q. After normal delivery, breast
baby eat? feeding should be initiated within:
a) 3-4 times a day a) 1 hour
b) 6-8 times a day b) 6 hours
c) 12 hours
c) 8-12 times a day
d) 21 hours
d) 15-20 times a day
Q. Which of the following
Q. How many extra calories
content is used during giving
needed to breastfed mother?
nutrition education?
a) 100 kcal
a) Breast feeding
b) 200 kcal b) Feeding skills
c) 500 kcal c) Protein supplementation
d) 1000 kcal d) All of the above
06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 43
THANK YOU

06/27/2022 SUNNY, BPH, TU 44

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