NUTRITION • Science of food & its relation to health • On the basic of quality or size, it is of two types – 1. Macronutrients: Need large quantities. E.g. Carbohydrates, Proteins & fats (Proximate principles) 2. Micronutrient: Need small quantities. E.g. Vitamins and minerals (Hidden hunger) • On the basic of function, it is of three types – 1. Body building: Proteins 2. Energy giving: Carbohydrates and fats 3. Protective: Proteins, vitamins and minerals. • Hidden hunger is due to Vitamin A, Iron & Iodine. • Balance diet: - Carbohydrates: 65-8 % of total body energy - Proteins: 10-15 % of total body energy - Fats: 15-30 % of total body energy 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following is Q. Which of the following is body building food? micronutrient? a) Carbohydrates a) Proteins b) Proteins b) Vitamins c) Vitamins c) Lipids d) Fats d) Starch Q. Energy giving foods are Q. Hidden hunger is not due to called: deficiency of: a) Carbohydrates a) Iron b) Proteins b) Vitamin A c) Vitamins c) Proteins d) Minerals d) Iodine 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 3 CARBOHYDRATES Facts Sources Daily Deficiency Functions requirements Carbohydrates Greatest Reach source: 0 – 6 month: Decrease Provides + fats give source of sugar juice, 108 growth, energy maximum energy dried fruits, kcal/kg/day weakness, tissue Oxidation energy Cellulose is grains, cereals 7 – 12 month: wasting, of fat It constitute indigestible High source: 98 kcal/kg/day metabolic Synthesis about 1% of component banana, 1 – 3 years: acidosis etc of non- total body of potato, liver 1240 Dietary fibers are essential weight carbohydrat Other source : kcal/kg/day absent in animal amino e with no egg, fish, milk, 4 – 6 years: food & prevent acids nutritive breads, etc 1690 constipation and Reserves value 3 main source- kcal/kg/day reduce incidence glycogen starch, 7 – 9 years: of CHD of human cellulose & 1950 adult is sugar kcal/kg/day about 500 gm
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following is Q. The end product of source of carbohydrates? carbohydrate is: a) Starch a) Amino acids b) Cellulose b) Glucose c) Sugar c) Maltose d) All of the above d) Starch Q. Which of the following is indigestible product of Q. Carbohydrates store in the carbohydrates? human body in the for of: a) Lactose a) Glucose b) Maltose b) Cellulose c) Cellulose c) Glycogen d) Sucrose d) Starch 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 5 PROTEINS • Proteins are soluble in water • Most important nutrient • Constitute about 20% of total body weight • Cereal proteins are deficient in lysine • Pulse proteins are deficient in methionine • Deamination of protein takes place in liver • Best measure to assess the state of protein nutrition is S. albumin • Reachest source : soyabaen (43.2 gm / 100 gm, poor’s man meat), green gram (mung) • Deficiency: acute diarrhea, ARI, abortion, anemia, skin changes, slow growth
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PROTEINS • Daily Requirement: – Normal: 1 (0.83) gm / kg / day – Children: 1- 2 gm / kg/ day (double of adult) – Pregnancy: +23 gm /day – Lactation: 0-6 months: +19 gm / day >6 months: +13 gm / day • Functions: – Growth and development – Maintenance of osmotic pressure – Synthesis of enzyme, antibodies, plasma proteins, hormones , hemoglobin, coagulation factors – Repair and maintenance of body tissues
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. High amount of protein is Q. The end product of protein found in: is: a) Milk and milk products a) Amino acids b) Grains and legumes b) Glucose c) Eggs and meat c) Fatty acids d) All of the above d) Amines Q. Which of the following disorder is caused by the Q. A protein is made up of how deficiency of proteins many amino acids? a) Acute diarrhea & ARI a) 10 b) Muscle fatigue b) 20 c) Weight loss c) 30 d) All of the above d) 50 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 8 FATS OR LIPIDS Facts Sources Daily Deficiency Functions requirements Main form of Reachest Excess of fat Deficiency : Source of energy source : cause: Obesity, obesity, energy 10-15 % of vegetable oils Coronary Heart hypertension, Insulation of total body Other sources Disease, Cancer phrenoderma body weight : liver, egg (Colon & (toad skin- rough Carries fat Richest source of yolk, milk, breast) & dry skin) soluble essential fatty acid ghee, butter, vitamins (A, is safflower oil – coconut, etc D, E and K) 73% and Synthesis of sunflower oil – cell 56% membrane Support viscera
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following is Q. The end product of fat is: not lipid? a) Amino acids a) Fats b) Glucose b) Oils c) Fatty acids c) Proteins d) Amines d) Waxes Q. The richest source of fat Q. Fat storing cells in the human body are called: is: a) Hepatocytes a) Milk and milk products b) Adipocytes b) Red meat c) Melanocytes c) Vegetable oils d) All of the above d) Coconut 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 10 VITAMINS • Non-energy producing organic compound • Essential for normal metabolism • Essential for growth, reproduction and maintenance • Types of vitamin: a) Fat soluble : Vitamin A , D , E and K b) Water soluble : Vitamin B and C
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FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS – VITAMIN A • Vitamin A (Retinol) is anti-infective vitamin • Vitamin A is of two types - 1. Preformed vitamin A is Retinol found in animal source 2. Proformed vitamin A is Beta carotene found in plant source • Heat stable in absence of air • Acts as anti-oxidant & anti-cancer • Destroyed in exposure to air/UV rays • Can be synthesized in liver • Liver can store vitamin A for 6 – 9 months • Rhodopsin & Idopsin are visual pigments • Daily requirements: 500 IU/ day or 600 microgram, 800 mcg (pregnancy), 950 mcg (lactation) 350 mcg (infants) 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 12 VITAMIN A (RETINOL) • Richest source : carrot (plant reachest source, 1167 mcg/gm), Halibut liver oil (9 lakh mcg/gm) or cod liver oil (1800 mcg/gm) (Sea fish – animal reachest source) • Major source : Spinach, meat, yellow fruits, green leafy vegetables, butter, egg, milk, etc • Deficiency: Xerophthalmia • Functions: – Generally used for better vision – Essential during pregnancy and lactation – Keeps epithelial tissue and cornea healthy – Retinol forms rhodopsin in rod cells and iodopsin in cone cells of retina 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 13 FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions vitamin Vitamin D Synthesize Richest 200 – 400 Rickets (in Absorption (Calciferol) d in skin source : IU/day child) & Sunshine from sun light Adult: 2.5 Osteomalacia metabolism vitamin / kidney cholesterol Rich microgram (in adult) of calcium hormone by UV rays source : Child: 5 Excess: and Has 2 forms D2 Vitamin D fish , liver microgram hypercalcemi phosphorus (Calciferol / is not and oils Pregnancy a Prolongs ergosterol) & D3 destroyed Other & lactation: sexual (Cholecalciferol) by ordinary source: 10 responses temperature butter, microgram Makes teeth Cholecalcif whole milk, 1 and bone erol is egg yolk microgram strong naturally of vitamin occurring D = 40 IU vitamin D
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FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily reqDeficie Functions vitamin ncy Vitamin E Acts as Richest 0.8 mg / g Hemorr Prevents (Tocoferol) anti - source : of essential hagic catabolism Beauty oxidant cereals, fatty acids anemia, of poly- vitamin / anti Anti- germinating sterility, unsaturate –aging toxin seeds, oils ataxia d fats vitamin / anti vitamin Other Makes – sterility Not source : skin vitamin found in cotton seed, healthy milk vegetable Also acts oils, egg as anti- yolk, butter, cancer etc
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FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions vitamin Vitamin K 2 types : Fresh 0.3 bleeding Stored in (Phylloquino vitamin K1 green mg/kg/d disorder liver and ne) (plant vegetable ay Excess dose helps in Menadione source) and s, carrot, cause blood sodium / anti vitamin K2 cabbage, hyperbilirub coagulatio – (animal tomato, inemia in n hemorrhagic source) fish, liver, new born Formation vitamin fruits, of clotting milk etc factors (II, VII, IX, X)
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following is Q. The richest source of not fat soluble vitamins? Vitamin A is: a) Vitamin A a) Carrot b) Vitamin C b) Papaya c) Vitamin D c) Orange d) Vitamin E d) Green vegetables Q. Which of the following is Q. The deficiency of vitamin D anti-cancer vitamin? is called: a) Vitamin A a) Xerophthalmia b) Vitamin B b) Osteomalacia c) Vitamin E c) Hemorrhage d) Vitamin K d) Abortion 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 17 PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following vitamin Q. Which of the following is is responsible for blood clotting? hormone precursor vitamin? a) Vitamin A a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin K b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin D c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin E d) Vitamin K Q. The daily requirement of Q. Injection of vitamin K is Vitamin E is: given to the newborn to: a) 500 IU a) Use peristalsis b) 300 IU b) Decrease the risk of hemorrhage c) 0.8 mg c) Use the risk of infection d) 0.3 mg d) Use calcium absorption
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WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily Deficienc Functions vitamin req y Vitamin C Early Richest 40 – scurvy Inhibits (Ascorbic known source : 60 (bleeding nitrosamin acid) vitamin Amla (Indian mg/day from e formation Anti– viral Most heat goose berry) Total gum), in intestinal vitamin sensitive and 2nd vitami delayed mucosa and water richest source n C of wound Absorption soluble is guava human healing, of iron Acts as Rich source: body is anemia from anti- Cabbage, 5 gram vegetable oxidant cauliflower, foods Vitamin C orange, Helps in is absent in spinach, tissue egg tomato oxidation 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 19 WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions vitamin Vitamin B1 Milk is Richest 0.5 Beri – beri Metaboli (Thiamin) important source : mg/1000 Dry beri – sm of Lost from source of rice and kcal beri : carbohyd rice during vitamin B1 wheat energy involvement rates milling of Alcoholics are Other of nerve Provide cereals, higher risk to source: Wet beri – nutrition polishing thiamin seeds, beri : to nerve rice, cooking deficiency whole involvement rice in lots of Deficiency is grains, of heart water and prevented by cereals, Infantile beri drainage parboiling of liver, – beri : seen excess water rice groundnut in 2 – 4 in rice s, pulses. month child
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WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions vitamin Vitamin B2 Destroye Milk, 0.6 Angular Plays (Riboflavin d by light liver, mg/1000 stomatitis , important ) Deficienc germinat kcal cheilosis , role in y occurs ing energy glossitis , cellular always seeds, cataract, oxidation associate egg, dermatitis Metabolis d with pulse, m of other B- whole carbohydra complex cereals, tes and vitamins green proteins vegetabl es
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WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions vitamin Vitamin B3 Tryptoph Rich 6.6 Pellagra ( 3D Decreases (Niacin or an acts as source : mg/1000 – Diarrhea, the nicotinamid precursor liver , kcal of Dermatitis production e or Nicotinic of niacin meat , energy and Dementia of acid) 60 mg of ground Niacin & disease of cholesterol Not tryptopha nut helps in poor man) Metabolis excreted n is Other normal Deficiency is m of in urine required source: functionin seen in maize carbohydra to Yeast, g of skin, dependence tes, synthesiz egg, intestine population proteins & ed 1 gm cheese, and fats of niacin grains. nervous system 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 22 WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions vitamin Vitamin B5 Acts as co Liver, yeast, 10 Acne, Plays important (Pentothenic – enzyme egg yolk, fresh mg/day parasthesis role in bio – acid) vegetable , alopecia, synthesis of burning adrenal sole corticosteroids syndrome Vitamin B6 Antagonist Green leafy 2 mg / Peripheral Plays (Pyridoxine) of vegetables , day neuritis important in 3 forms – pyridoxine cereals , whole (2.5 mg / metabolism of pyridoxine , is isoniazid grains, fish, day for proteins , fats pyridoxal and Also acts milk, liver pregnanc and pyridoxamine against (highest), y& carbohydrates nausea in potato, egg lactation) Helps in pregnancy yolk, formation of RBCs
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WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions vitamin Vitamin B7 - Egg yolk, - No specific Metabolism of amino (Biotin) liver, deficiency acids tomato Vitamin B9 - Green Adult: 200 Megaloblastic Formation of (Folic acid) leafy mcg / day anemia, red blood cells vegetable Pregnancy: glossitis , (RBCs) s , fiber 500 mcg / infertility, Helps in diet, day cheilosis, synthesis of meat, Lactation: neural tube nucleic acids egg, 300 mcg / defect Cell division in dairy day intestine products
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WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions vitamin Vitamin B12 Organo- Only Adult: 1 Megaloblastic Formation (Cyanocobal metallic found in micro anemia, of red blood amine) compound animal gram / day pernicious cells (RBCs) Highly heat with a source Pregnancy: anemia, Synthesized stable vitamin cobalt but not 1.2 micro infertility by bacteria atom found in gram / day of colon Absorbed plant Lactation: Stored in from ileum source 1.5 micro liver (1-3 with gram / day years) instrinsic Children: DNA & factors 0.2 micro myelin gm / day sheath synthesis
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following is Q. Which is most essential not vitamin B? nutrient women during pregnancy for prevention of birth defect? a) Vitamin B1 a) Thiamine b) Vitamin B4 b) Folic acid c) Vitamin B6 c) Ascorbic acid d) Vitamin B9 d) Cyanocobalamine Q. The highest level of vitamin Q. Beri-beri is caused due to C is found in: deficiency of: a) Orange juice a) Vitamin B1 b) Indian goose berry b) Vitamin B3 c) Tomato c) Vitamin B6 d) Broccoli d) Vitamin B5 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 26 PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following vitamin Q. The scientific name of deficiency causes megaloblastic vitamin B6 is: anemia? a) Pantothenic acid a) Thiamine b) Pyridoxine b) Retinol c) Riboflavin c) Pyridoxine d) Biotin d) Cyanocobalamine Q. Which vitamin is essential Q. The deficiency of niacin causes: for health of brain? a) Rickets a) Vitamin B6 b) Scurvy b) Vitamin B9 c) Anemia c) Vitamin B12 d) Pellagra d) All of the above 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 27 PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following vitamin Q. Which of the following vitamin is responsible for wound healing? causes impotence? a) Vitamin A a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin C b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin B6 c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin E d) Vitamin D Q. The daily requirement of Q. Which vitamin deficiency vitamin B6 is : causes dryness in lips, tongue a) 200 mcg and skin? b) 2 mg a) Vitamin B1 c) 10 mg b) Vitamin B2 d) 1 mg c) Vitamin B6 d) Vitamin E 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 28 MINERALS • Types: 1. Macro – minerals (>100 mg/day) : Ca , P and Mg 2. Micro – minerals (<300 mg/day) : Fe , I , Zn , Cu , Co , Fl , etc • Major minerals are Ca , P , Mg , Na and K • Trace minerals are B , Pb , Al , Hg , Ba , Fe , I and Zn Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions Mineral Sodium Human body Found in all 10-15 gm / Muscular Sodium loss contains 100 gm body fluids day cramps through sodium ion (Extracellular) sweat and urine Potassium Human body Mainly found in 90 mmol / Intracellular contains 250 gm banana day of potassium ion 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 29 MINERALS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions Mineral Calcium Total milk, milk 600 mg /day Deficiency : Formation of Most calcium products, for adult rickets, bone and teeth abundant in body: egg, fish, 500 mg for osteomalacia, Muscle mineral in 1200 gm green leafy infants tetany contraction and the body (98% of vegetables 1200 mg /day Excess: transmission of (2% of total body). for Hypercalcemi nerve impulse body Normal pregnancy & a cause Blood weight) calcium lactation cardiac coagulation level : 9 1 liter cow’s arrhythmias Milk production – 11.4 milk = 1.2 mgm% gm calcium
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MINERALS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions Mineral Iron Iron High source 17 mg in male IDA (Iron Hb synthesis Vitamin C is status is is nuts but and 21 mg in Deficiency Brain needed for evaluated poor source female Anemia) development, iron by serum is milk 35 mg in Diminished Immune system absorption ferratin Other pregnancy and work Regulation of 1 gram iron source: 21 mg in for performance body temperature produces 2 Liver, meat, lactation Cellular ml of blood fish, green Normal value respiration and vegetables, in human catecholamine pulses. blood : 80 – metabolism 120 gm/dl 1 gram Hemoglobin . contains 3.3 mg of iron & 1.34 ml oxygen
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MINERALS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions Mineral Magnesiu Our body Deficiency 340 mg/day Irritability, Essential for m contain 25 seen in tetany, normal metabolism gm Mg in chronic cardiac of Calcium and all cells alcoholics , arrhythmias Phosphorus PEM, and hyper – cirrhosis of reflexia liver, toxamia of pregnancy Fluoride Fluorida Major 0.5 – 2 mg/l Dental caries Essential for tion of source is water Excess: normal water water dental and mineralization of prevent skeletal bone & dentine dental fluorosis carries 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 32 MINERALS Name of Facts Sources Daily req Deficiency Functions Mineral Iodine Highly 150 Deficiency : Iodine helps in 1 kg IDD is found in micro IDD (Iodine synthesis of iodine prevented sea foods, gm / Deficiency thyroxine contains by iodized day Disorder) hormone, 50 ppm at iodization salt Pregnan Deficiency normal growth productio of salt Small cy: 200 cause: goiter, & development n level, 30 Goiteroge amount in micro hypothyroidis Goiter is ppm at ns are cereals, gm / m, mental commonly retailer cabbage, milk & day retardation, found in level & 15 cauliflowe mea spontaneous Himalayan ppm at r & abortion and region household thiocynate still birth. level
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following is trace Q. Which of the following mineral mineral? deficiency cause anemia? a) Sodium a) Iron b) Magnesium b) Iodine c) Phosphorus c) Calcium d) Aluminium d) Phosphorus Q. Which of the following mineral Q. The daily requirement of is responsible for mental health? iodine is: a) Iron a) 10-15 gram b) Iodine b) 600 mg c) Sodium c) 150 mcg d) Chloride d) None of the above
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. Which of the following is Q. Which of the following is not goiterogenic food? the function of iron? a) Corns a) Oxygen transport b) Green leafy vegetables b) Immune function c) Cabbage c) Brain function d) Tomato d) Gene regulation Q. The main source of natural Q. Minerals are absorbed in fluoride is: the form of: a) Potatoes a) Molecules b) Mushrooms b) Ions c) Water c) Mixtures d) Toothpastes d) Compounds 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 35 ENERGY VALUE Nutrients Energy value Nutrients Energy value Fiber 2 kcal/gm Egg 70 Kcal/piece Proteins 4.1 kcal/gm Grapes 71 kcal/100 gm Carbohydrate 4.3 kcal/gm Goat milk 72 kcal/100 gm
Alcohol 7 kcal/gm Mango 74 kcal/100 gm
Sitaphal 104 kcal/100 gm Fat 9 kcal/gm Papaya 32 kcal/100 gm Banana (1 Piece) 104 kcal/100 gm Orange 48 kcal/100 gm Guava 51 kcal/100 gm Buffalo milk 117 kcal/100 g m Human Milk 65 kcal/100gm Cow milk 67 kcal/100 gm Sarbottam pitho 350-370 kcal/100 Amla 68 kcal/100 gm gm 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 36 BALANCED DIET • one which contains variety of food (such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral and other) in such quantities that adequately meet for maintaining health, body functioning and general wellbeing. • Balance diet reduces the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies • A balanced diet should provide around – 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates, – 10-15% from proteins and – 20-30% from both visible and invisible fat.
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BREAST FEEDING • the feeding of babies and young children with milk from women’s breast • Continued upto 2 years of age or beyond. • Exclusive breast feeding: feeding only mother's breast milk to the baby for first 6 months after birth • Colostrum: The first milk coming from mother's breast after delivery of baby • Composition of breast milk Per 100ml: calorie (energy) 71kcal, protein 1.2gm, fat 3.8gm, calcium 33mg% , Iron 0.15mg%, Phosphorus 15mg%, Vitamin 'A' 80IU, Vitamin 'D' 0.125IU , Vitamin 'C' 1.25mg, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, leucocytes, lactoferrine, lysozyme etc. 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 38 BENEFITS OF BREAST FEEDING • @BREAST FEEDING F = Fresh B = Breast milk for child E = Economic R = Relationship with E = Easy to feed and digest mother and her baby D = Delay to pregnancy E = Easy to digest I = Immunity A = Available at any time N = Nutrition (all S = Safe for child health nutrients) T = Tasty G = Good baby
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WEANING • Giving the child other nutritious foods in addition to breast milk after the age of 6 months • Complementary feeding: giving child other nutritious food in addition to breast milk after age of 6 months • Supplementary feeding: the distribution of food supplement energy and other nutrients missing from the diet of those who have special nutritional requirements • Expressed breast milk is considered a supplementary feed 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 40 NUTRITION EDUCATION • Nutrition Education is a systematically planned set of activities. • Nutrition Education is an essential component to improve the nutritional status of a population and is crucial for the well being of people in general. • Contents: 1. Quality of food during pregnancy 2. Quantity of food during pregnancy 3. Folic acid, iron and vitamin supplementation 4. Iodine supplementation 5. Calcium and protein supplementation 6. Breast feeding , Clostrum & Weaning food 7. Food at family meal, Feeding skills 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 41 PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. 1 gram carbohydrates gives Q. Mother milk provides a) 4 kcal energy a) 65 kcal energy /100 gram b) 7 kcal energy b) 75 kcal energy /100 gram c) 9 kcal energy c) 55 kcal energy /100 gram d) 12 kcal energy d) 72 kcal energy /100 gram Q. Q. Exclusive breast feeding is The milk made by the body in first days after birth is called: done till: a) Colostrum a) 6 months after delivery b) Lactose b) 24 months after delivery c) Hind milk c) 12 months after delivery d) Weaning d) 45 days after delivery 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 42 PRACTICE QUESTIONS Q. How often does a breastfed Q. After normal delivery, breast baby eat? feeding should be initiated within: a) 3-4 times a day a) 1 hour b) 6-8 times a day b) 6 hours c) 12 hours c) 8-12 times a day d) 21 hours d) 15-20 times a day Q. Which of the following Q. How many extra calories content is used during giving needed to breastfed mother? nutrition education? a) 100 kcal a) Breast feeding b) 200 kcal b) Feeding skills c) 500 kcal c) Protein supplementation d) 1000 kcal d) All of the above 06/27/2022 SUNNY YADAV, BPH TU 43 THANK YOU
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