KS3 Presentation - 01 Introduction To Computers

Teach Computer Science
KS3 Computing
Introduction to
computers
teachcomputerscience.com
2
Lesson Objectives
▪ Students will learn the evolution of computers from 1837
▪ The input-process-output model of computer processing is explained
with an example
▪ Applications of computers: Why is it important to think like a
computer?
▪ Components of a computer
▪ Research and advancements in computing
1.
Content
4
Computing
▪ The word ‘compute’ denotes an
activity that is based on
mathematical calculations.
▪ In modern times, this word is used
to refer to a computer.
▪ An abacus is used to carry out
calculations even before the
computer age.
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What is a computer?
▪ A computer is any device or machine that can be programmed
to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations
automatically.
6
Computer
General-purpose computer Special-purpose machine
Computers with a CPU (Central A computer designed to perform a
Processing Unit) are used in many special function.
different applications. For example: The Atanasoff-Berry
For example: smartphones and tablets. Computer (ABC) was designed
A computer is installed with various specifically to find the solution of
software to perform a wide range of simultaneous and linear equations.
functions such as video calling, word
processing, etc.
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Evolution of computers
In 1935, Alan German inventor
Charles Turing, a Konrad Zuse,
mathematician and The Colossus, built
Babbage and developed the
code-breaker, by engineer Tommy The invention of
Ada Lovelace first
developed a design Flowers in the transistors in
developed the programmable
for how modern 1940s at Bletchley the 1970s played
first general- computer, Z3, in
computers would Park, helped the a very important
purpose 1941. It was used
work with various British role in the
machine, the to analyse the
programs to cryptographers to transformation
analytical wing flutter of
perform different decode German of computers.
engine, in aircraft during
functions. messages.
1837 World War 2.
The Analytical Engine has no pretensions
whatever to originate anything. It can do
whatever we know how to order it to
perform. It can follow analysis; but it has no
power of anticipating any analytical
relations or truths. Its province is to assist
us to making available what we are already
acquainted with.
- Ada Lovelace
8 teachcomputerscience.com
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Input-process-output model
 Computer processing uses the input-process-output model for
performing its functions.
Output:
Process: Presents the
Input:
Data received is processed
Receives input data
processed information to the
user
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Input-process-output model of
scanner
Input: Process: Output:

Receives the image of the Stores the image in Sends the image to
page its memory the computer
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Application of
computers
Computers follow a set of instructions
called an algorithm to process the input
and present the output to the user.
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Components of a computer
▪ Processor
▪ Input devices
▪ Output devices
▪ Storage devices
▪ Memory
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Components of a computer
▪ The input devices enables the user to
enter data into the computer.
▪ The processor processes the data
entered by user and the results are
displayed through output devices.
▪ Memory stores the input, software
applications and results of processing
for a short period of time.
▪ The files and installed software are
stored in storage devices for a long
period of time.
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Components of computer
▪ The input sent by a user is stored in the memory and processed.
▪ The function here is times 2 and then, subtract 5. The output is stored in the
memory temporarily and displayed to the user.
10 15 (in memory)
10 ×2 – 5 =15
output
input
memory process
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Application of
computers
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Application of computers
▪ Simulation and Modelling
• Computers are used to simulate and model designs based on
their theories.
• Once the desired results are achieved through modelling, the
designs can be manufactured.
• Forecasting weather, modelling a car, and analysing the DNA
of organisms are a few examples of modelling using a
computer.
• Various software tools are available for modelling and
simulation.
17
▪ Robotics:
• A robot is a programmable machine that can perform a series
of actions automatically.
• Used in unmanned combat air vehicles, military applications,
unmanned space probes, mining, healthcare and domestic
tasks.
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▪ Biologically-inspired engineering:
• The application of biological methods and systems found in
nature to design engineering systems.
• Replacement or enhancement of body parts is possible with
bionics.
▪ Automation:
• Automation is a technology by which a sequence of
operations can be performed without human assistance. For
example: Automatic teller machine.
19
▪ Predictive texting
• Computers predict the text the
user may type.
• This application is used while
sending email, searching in
Google and using spreadsheets.
• Computers uses the history of
searches in Google to predict
what the user may enter using
the first few letters of a user’s
text.
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Artificial intelligence
▪ Enables computers to perform

activities at a human expert level
using complex algorithms.
▪ Speech recognition system: identifies
words and understands them.
▪ A chatbot is an application of
artificial intelligence that makes the
user think that they are interacting
with a human being.
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Artificial intelligence: Turing

test
▪ This test involves, two humans and a
computer.
▪ Human 1 communicates with the computer
and human 2. or
▪ Human 1 cannot see the computer, and

human 2 responds only by text.
▪ Human 1 may receive responses both from the
computer and human 2.
▪ If human 1 is not able to differentiate between
the responses of the computer and human 2,
the computer is said to be ‘intelligent’.
22
Future of computing
▪ Moore’s law:
• Moore’s law describes that computers are becoming smaller over a
period of years.
• The number of transistors doubles every two years.
• The processing speed of computers doubles every two years.
• The physical size of a transistor is becoming smaller due to the usage
of new materials. However, there is a limit for the minimum size of
transistor.
• Research is being conducted to use new technologies that will reduce
the physical size of computing devices and improve its performance
as well.
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Future of computing
▪ Augmented reality:
Augmented reality is an
interactive experience of a real-
world environment whereby the
computer-generated objects
appear to reside in the real
world. The game Pokémon Go
released by Niantic is a notable
example in the field of
augmented reality.
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Let’s review some concepts
Computer Types of computers Computer processing

Any device or machine that can General-purpose computers Computer processing uses the
be programmed to carry out input-process-output model for
Special-purpose computers
sequences of arithmetic or performing its functions.
logical operations automatically.
Application of computers Components of a computer Future of computing

Simulation and Modelling Processor Moore’s law
Robotics Input devices Augmented reality
Bionics Output devices
Automation Storage devices
Predictive texting Memory
2.
Activities
26
Activity-1
Duration: 15 minutes
▪ In this activity, you will recollect the evolution of computers.

▪ Think about and apply the concept of input-process-output
modelling for a printer.
▪ Write down the applications of computers.
▪ Complete a table by listing examples of each component of
computer.
3.
End of topic questions
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End of topic questions

1. What is the difference between a general-purpose computer and a
special-purpose computer? State examples for each.
2. List the components of a computer with its functions.
3. What is the difference between a memory device and storage device?
4. State Moore’s law.
5. How is computer used in the field of robotics?
6. What is predictive texting?
7. Explain Turing’s test in detail.

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Teach Computer Science

Input: Process: Output:

▪ Enables computers to perform

Artificial intelligence: Turing

▪ Human 1 cannot see the computer, and

Let’s review some concepts

Computer Types of computers Computer processing

Application of computers Components of a computer Future of computing

▪ In this activity, you will recollect the evolution of computers.

End of topic questions

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