UNIT 4 – TIME SYNCHRONIZATION

Zuvairiya Parveen J
2020252045
M.E. (Communication Systems)
 CONTENT

• Time Diffusion Synchronization Protocol (TDP)

• Rate – Based Diffusion Protocol (RDP)
• Tiny and Mini Sync Protocols
• Other Protocols
 Time Diffusion Synchronization Protocol
• It aims to maintain a common time throughout the network
Three different duties to the nodes :
1. Master Node
2. Diffused Leaders
3. Regular Nodes
TDP Phases :
• Active and Passive Phase
Time Diffusion Synchronization Protocol

Figure 1 Frame Structure of TDP

Time Diffusion Synchronization Protocol
Initialize Master Yes
PEP
Pulse Node ?

No

Do Nothing
ERP
FIA TP
LDA Repeat ever τ seconds

ERP - Election/Reelection Procedure ; FIA - False Ticker Isolation Algorithm ; LDA - Load Distribution Algorithm ;
PEP – Peer Evaluation Procedure ; TP – Time Diffusion Procedure

Figure 3 Flow Chart of TDP

Time Diffusion Synchronization Protocol

B
H
C
A E
J

D F
I

Figure 2 TDP Concept

 Rate – Based Diffusion Protocol
• It aims to synchronize the nodes in the network to the
average value of the clocks in the network
• Implemented in synchronous or asynchronous fashion
• Diffusion protocol is based on two things: comparison of the
local clocks of two nodes and adjusting the clocks
accordingly
 Rate – Based Diffusion Protocol

•
• Drawback : Increases the overhead of the protocol and
increase the energy consumption
 
 Tiny and Mini Sync Protocols
• To provide a simple and accurate time synchronization

– local clock; - relative clock drift; - offset

 Other Protocols
 Lightweight Tree-Based Synchronization (LTS):
Centralized Distributed
 
• Spanning Tree • No tree

• Root node initializes • Any node in the network

synchronization initializes synchronization
• Synchronization accuracy is • Synchronization accuracy is
inversely proportion to depth inversely proportional to
of spanning tree distance between the nodes
 Other Protocols
 Tsync :
• Hybrid protocol: Hierarchial Referencing Time
Synchronization (HRTS) and Individual Time Request
(ITR)
• Supports MAC Layer

 Asymptotically Optimal Synchronization:

• Focuses on high-density WSNs
• Synchronization is initiated by a node in the middle of the
network
 Other Protocols
 Synchronization for Mobile Networks:
• In a mobile network, two nodes can communicate with each
other only when they are located close to each other
• Delay – tolerant synchronization scheme

t4 t5 t6
Receiver Time in Receiver

M1 M2 ACK2
ACK1

Sender Time in Sender

t1 t2 t3

 
Thank You