Percentages

Objectives:
D Grade Increase or decrease a quantity by a given
percentage

C Grade Work out a percentage increase or decrease

Prior knowledge:
Understand :
Finding percentages of quantities – calculator and non calculator

Percent to decimal conversion (i.e. percent ÷ 100)

Use of percentage multipliers to find the percentage of a quantity

 Percentages

Percentage increase

Find the percentage of the quantity and add it to the original

Example 1:
2
Increase 200 by 12% 12 × 200 = 24
cancel common factors 100
200 + 24 = 224
Example 2:
40 4 × 270 = 108
Increase 270 by 40% ≡
100 10
cancel common factors
270 + 108 = 378
 Percentages

Percentage decrease

Find the percentage of the quantity and subtract it from the original

Example 1:
2
Decrease 200 by 12% 12 × 200 = 24
cancel common factors 100
200 - 24 = 176
Example 2:
40 4 × 270 = 108
Decrease 270 by 40% ≡
100 10
cancel common factors
270 - 108 = 162
 Percentages
Now do these:

1. Increase 250 by 10% 275

2. Decrease 500 by 6% 470

3. Decrease 24 by 25% 18

4. Increase 80 by 30% 104

5. Increase £4.20 by 15% £4.83

 Percentages

Percentage increase

When calculating a percentage increase of a quantity we are

starting with 100% and then we add the percentage asked for.
e.g. Increase a quantity by 23%
100 % + 23 % = 123 %

100 % + 23 % = 123 %
In order to do this calculation we write the percent as a
fraction in hundredths. So this becomes:
100 + 23 = 123 This is called the
Now 123 = 1.23
100 100 100 percentage multiplier for
100
a percentage increase
 Percentages

Example :
Increase 345 by 56%
100 % + 56 % = 156 % 156 = 1.56
100

the percentage multiplier is 1.56

345 × 1.56 = 538.2

 Percentages
Now do these:

1. Increase 125 by 16% 125 × 1.16 = 145

Percentage multiplier is 1.16
2. Increase 340 by 9% 340 × 1.09 = 370.6
Percentage multiplier is 1.09
3. Increase 575 by 22% 575 × 1.22 = 701.5
Percentage multiplier is 1.22
4. Increase 84 by 1.3% 80 × 1.013 = 81.04
Percentage multiplier is 1.013
5. Increase £6.30 by 17.5% 6.30 × 1.175 = £7.40
Percentage multiplier is 1.175
 Percentages

Percentage decrease

When calculating a percentage decrease of a quantity we are

starting with 100% and then we subtract the percentage asked
for.
e.g. decrease a quantity by 23%
100 % - 23 % = 77 %

100 % - 23 % = 77 %
In order to do this calculation we write the percent as a
fraction in hundredths. So this becomes:
100 - 23 = 77 This is called the
Now 77 = 0.77
100 100 100 percentage multiplier for
100
a percentage decrease
 Percentages

Example :
Decrease 345 by 56%
100 % - 56 % = 44 % 44 = 0.44
100

the percentage multiplier is 0.44

345 × 0.44 = 151.8

 Percentages
Now do these:

1. Decrease 137 by 13% 137 × 0.87 = 119.19

Percentage multiplier is 0.87
2. Decrease 78 by 6% 78 × 0.94 = 73.32
Percentage multiplier is 0.94
3. Decrease 623 by 37% 623 × 0.63 = 392.49
Percentage multiplier is 0.63
4. Decrease 467 by 1.3% 467 × 0.987 = 460.929
Percentage multiplier is 0.987
5. Decrease £7.45 by 17.5% 7.45 × 0.825 = £6.15
Percentage multiplier is 0.825
 Percentages

To summarise percentage calculations

Original quantity × percentage multiplier = new quantity

By understanding how to rearrange equations you can find any

of the three if you know the other two.
 Worksheet 1 Percentages

Mixed Non-Calculator
1. Todd is paid £350 per week. He gets a 4% pay rise.
What is his new weekly pay? £364

2. A package holiday is priced at £660. Julie gets a 10% discount

for booking before the end of January. How much does she
pay? £594

3. Chris has 50 books on his shelves. Jenny has 12% more books.
£56
How many books has Jenny got?

4. A train ticket is priced at £48. In the new year the cost increases
by 2½ %. What is the new cost of the train£49.20
ticket?

5. £329
A music centre costs £280. VAT is added at 17 ½ %.
 Worksheet 2 Percentages
Mixed Calculator
1. Sarah’s salary is £13 575 per year. Her annual bonus is 1¾% of
her salary. How much does she earn altogether?
£13 812.56
2. Jack sells computers. He is paid commission of 8¼% on
his sales. Last year he sold computers worth £85 496.
How much was his commission? £7 053.42

3. Nathan buys a new Fiat for £12 499. Over 2 years it

depreciates
£6 874.45
by 45%. What is the value after 2 years

4. The population of Newtown was 74 970 in 2008. By

2009 the population had decreased by 27%. What is the
54 728
population in
2009. £7.40
 Worksheet 1 Percentages

Mixed Non-Calculator
1. Todd is paid £350 per week. He gets a 4% pay rise.
What is his new weekly pay?

2. A package holiday is priced at £660. Julie gets a 10% discount

for booking before the end of January. How much does she
pay?

3. Chris has 50 books on his shelves. Jenny has 12% more books.
How many books has Jenny got?

4. A train ticket is priced at £48. In the new year the cost increases
by 2½ %. What is the new cost of the train ticket?

5. A music centre costs £280. VAT is added at 17 ½ %.

 Worksheet 2 Percentages
Mixed Calculator
1. Sarah’s salary is £13 575 per year. Her annual bonus is 1¾% of
her salary. How much does she earn altogether?

2. Jack sells computers. He is paid commission of 8¼% on

his sales. Last year he sold computers worth £85 496.
How much was his commission?

3. Nathan buys a new Fiat for £12 499. Over 2 years it

depreciates
by 45%. What is the value after 2 years

4. The population of Newtown was 74 970 in 2008. By

2009 the population had decreased by 27%. What is the
population in
2009.