Bridges

Bridges
Realised by:
Belkacem Sara
Mekli Oumaïma
Naboulsi Nouhaila

Supervised by:
Mr.Ahidar
 Plan:
Definition
The importance of bridges

Loading on bridges

The function

What makes a bridge stay up ?

The classification of bridges

Basic types

Conclusion
 What is a bridge ?

 A bridge is a structure
that links two areas
together that are divided
by some type of obstacle
such as water or a steep
valley..
Forth Railway Bridge in UK
Importance of bridges
 Connects difficult terrains
 Easy trade and transportation of goods
 Reduces travelling time
 Military use
 Political and economic importance
 Less emission due to displacement
 Loading on bridges
When building a bridge, engineers need to consider
the weight and environment, or load types the
bridge will encounter over a long period of time.
These factors determine what material should be
used to build the bridge
Loading on bridges

 Centrifugal forces
 Earth pressure
 Seismic load
 Water pressure
 Wind pressure
 Thermal forces
 Dead load : self-weight of bridge
 Function of a bridge
 A bridge has to carry a service ( which may be highway or railway traffic ,
a footpath , public utilities , etc .) over an obstacle (which may be another
road or railway , a river , a valley , etc.) and to transfer the loads from the
service to the fundations at ground level
Danyang-kunshan grand bridge
The king Fahd bridge
What makes a bridge stay up ?

 Forces
 Compression – a pushing
or squeezing force

 Tension – a pulling or
stretching force
 Classification of bridges
 According to function :highway, etc .

 According to materials of constuction : concrete , steel

, composite , timber etc .

 According to form of superstructure : slab , beam ,

truss , arch , etc .

 According to method of constuction : pin-connected ,

riveted , welded etc .
Basic types of bridges

 The most common types of bridge come

from four general styles of design, they
are the arch, the beam, the bascule, and
the suspension.
 THE ARCH BRIDGE

An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as

a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of
the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust
restrained by the abutments at either side.
 THE BASCULE OR DRAW BRIDGE.

A bascule bridge is a moveable bridge; This is the most common

type of movable bridge in existence because they open quickly and
require relatively little  energy to operate.
  THE BEAM OR GIRDER BRIDGE.

A Beam Bridge : Beam bridge or girder bridge is the simplest and

oldest bridge type. It generally consists of one or more spans which
are supported by an abutment or pier at each end.
 THE CABLE STAY OR SUSPENSION BRIDGE

A suspension bridge : bridge with overhead cables

supporting its roadway , ropes or chains from two tall towers.
Conclusion
 At the end we conclude that designs of bridges
vary depending on the function of the bridge, the
nature of the terrain where the bridge is
constructed, the material used to make it and the
funds available to build it.
Thank you for your attention