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READING
HEMATO-
ONKOLOGI
Criticized by
Muhammad mustaqiblat
Abstract
Background : The optimal choice of initial antibiotic therapy for patients with high-
risk febrile neutropenia (FN) in children is unclear and varies by the institution on the
basis of local antibiograms and epidemiology of specific pathogens. The authors
evaluated the appropriateness of antibiotics for the empiric treatment of FN in
pediatric patients with cancer in our institution on the basis of changes in the
epidemiology of organisms isolated from blood cultures (BCx).
Methods : The authors conducted a retrospective medical record review of pediatric
patients who received any oncology care (including patients with cancer and patients
who had stem cell transplant) at University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children’s
Hospitals (March 2009 to December 2016) with a diagnosis of FN who had at least 1
BCx obtained. They reviewed pathogens isolated from BCx and determined whether
they were pathogens or contaminants using the Infectious Diseases Society of
America (IDSA) guidelines and the team’s decision to treat. They investigated the
microbiologic spectrum and susceptibility patterns of pathogens causing bacteremia
in pediatric FN and whether the empiric therapy chosen may have affected clinical
outcomes.
RESULTS : A total of 667 FN episodes were identified in 268 patients. BCx were
negative in 497 (74.5%) and were determine contaminants in 27 (4%). In 143 episodes
(21.5%), the BCx were positive for a pathogenic ed to species. Polymicrobial bacteremia
was identified in 25 episodes; a total of 176 pathogens were isolated. The majority of
pathogens (95/176, 54%) were Gram-positive (GP), whereas 64 of 162 (36%) were
Gram-negative (GN), 5 were fungal, and 4 were mycobacterial. The most common GP
pathogens were viridans group streptococci (VGS) (n=34, 19.3%), coagulasenegative
staphylococci (n=25,14%), and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (n=12,
6.8%). Of aerobic GN bacilli, 15 (8.5%) were AmpC producers and 3 (1.7%) carried
extended spectrum beta-lactamases. There was no increase in the prevalence of
multidrug-resistant GN isolates during the study period. Patients with VGS and
multidrug-resistant GN bacteremia were more likely to be admitted to the pediatric
intensive care unit [odds ratio (OR), 3.24; P=0.017; and OR, 2.8; P=0.07, respectively].
There were trends toward a higher prevalence of GP pathogens causing bacteremia and
the emergence of VGS with decreased penicillin sensitivity. The prevalence of
bacteremia with VGS was higher in acute myelogenous leukemia and neuroblastoma
(OR, 2.3; P<0.01) than in patients with other solid tumors
CONCLUSIONS: Empiric antibiotic treatment should be tailored to patients’
risk for VGS and multidrug-resistant organisms. Individual hospitals should
monitor the pathogens causing FN among patients with cancer to guide
choice of empiric therapy.
Introduction
mortality for FN
episodes (FNEs) has
improved significantly
over the past 10
years.
updated 2017
optimal choice of IPFNP guidelines
empiric FN
FEBRIL - pseudomonal β
NEUTROPENIA lactam
antibiotics and goal - fourth generation
of empiric therapy (FN) cephalosporin
the microbiologic
spectrum and
susceptibility patterns
of pathogens causing
bacteremia in pediatric
patients with cancer
with FN
Methods
Study in the
University of Chicago
Medical Center,
Comer Children’s
retrospective medical record, Hospital
adolescents less than 21
years of age who received
any oncology care, during the
study period from March 1,
2009 to December 31, 2016
2. Apakah bukti ini akan mempunyai pengaruh yang penting secara klinis terhadap
kesembuhan pasien kita tentang apa yang telah ditawarkan / diberikan kepada pasien kita?
Ya, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Cefepime mungkin merupakan terapi empiris awal
yang tepat untuk anak-anak dengan FN, namun, peningkatan resistensi VGS di antara
patogen BSI mengkhawatirkan, dan mereka menjadi lebih umum, sehingga penambahan
empiris vankomisin mungkin diperlukan sambil menunggu hasil kultur.
3. Apakah simpulan tentang hasil studi tersebut berguna bagi pasien dalam tatalaksana
secara keseluruhan? Ya, kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa monoterapi
ceftazidime tidak boleh digunakan jika ada kekhawatiran dari Gram Positif atau infeksi Gram
negative yang resisten, dan merekomendasikan sefalosporin generasi keempat sebagai
terapi empiris awal yang sesuai untuk anak-anak.
Thanks!