Development of Groundwater

Management Plan (GMP) for

Masbate City and Surrounding Areas

2 August 2022
Masbate City
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1. Current Groundwater Use

2. Projected Water Demand
3. Hydrogeology of the Study Area
4. Hydrologic Water Balance
5. Groundwater Resource Assessment
6. Groundwater Resource Availability
7. Water Quality Condition
8. Groundwater Management Plan
 CURRENT GROUNDWATER USE

Source: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Design of the Baguio Bulk Water Supply Project
 CURRENT GROUNDWATER USE
in MASBATE ISLAND
(based on issued Water Permits)

WATER PERMITS GRANTED (LPS)

Municipality Commer- Total
Domestic Irrigation Municipal Industrial
cial
Aroroy 19.1 - 0.754 - - 19.85
Baleno - - - - - -
Balud - - - - - -
Batuan - - - - - -
Cataingan - 4.50 - - - 4.50
Cawayan - - - 0.22 - 0.22
Dimasalang - - - - - -
Kinamaligan - - - - 0.25 0.25
Mandaon - - - -   -
Masbate City - 13.80 - - 2.36 16.16
Milagros - - - -   -
Mobo - - 97.52 -   97.52
Palanas - - - -   -
Uson - 16.60 - -   16.60
TOTAL (LPS) 19.1 34.90 98.274 0.216 2.61 155.10
TOTAL (MLD) 1.65 3.02 8.49 0.02 0.23 13.40
% OF TOTAL 12.31 22.50 63.36 0.14 1.68 100.00
 CURRENT SURFACE WATER USE
in MASBATE ISLAND
(based on issued Water Permits)

WATER PERMITS GRANTED (LPS)

Municipality Total
Commer- Bulk Water
Industrial Irrigation
cial Supply
Aroroy 385.00 15.00 13.00 - 413.00
Baleno     64.00 - 32.00
Balud - - 9.00 - 9.00
Cataingan     125.00 - 125.00
Dimasalang - - 87.00 - 87.00
Masbate     5.6 - 5.6
Mandaon - - 177.00 - 177.00
Milagros - - 791.09 - 791.09
Mobo - - 36.00 138.00 174.00
Palanas     62.00 - 62.00
Uson - - 507.00 - 507.00
TOTAL (LPS) 385.00 15.00 1,876.690 138.00 2,414.69
TOTAL (MLD) 33.26 1.30 162.15 11.92 208.63
% OF TOTAL 15.94 0.62 77.72 5.72 100.00
 PROJECTED WATER DEMAND

Source: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Design of the Baguio Bulk Water Supply Project
PRESENT AND PROJECTED POPULATION OF MASBATE ISLAND

No.  City/Municipality 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070

1 Aroroy 95,409 116,823 142,802 174,271 254,282 300,447

2 Baleno 28,587 34,262 40,994 48,968 69,937 81,058
3 Balud 41,357 48,607 57,033 66,809 93,571 106,558
4 Cataingan 52,744 57,858 63,361 69,274 90,555 96,916
5 Cawayan 73,776 89,252 107,793 129,971 187,371 218,999
6 Dimasalang 28,009 31,989 36,473 41,518 56,506 62,710
7 Esperanza 19,460 21,347 23,377 25,558 33,410 35,757
8 Mandaon 45,374 54,800 66,073 79,534 114,466 133,586
9 Masbate City 104,563 125,485 150,340 179,821 257,162 298,405
10 Milagros 63,179 76,250 91,871 110,508 158,934 185,363
11 Mobo 42,041 49,262 57,626 67,299 93,973 106,725
12 Palanas 27,481 30,146 33,013 36,094 47,182 50,496
13 Pio V. Corpuz 24,352 26,713 29,254 31,984 41,809 44,746
14 Placer 59,972 69,122 79,535 91,364 125,488 140,414
15 Uson 60,166 68,950 78,883 90,097 123,040 136,966

 TOTAL 766,471 900,864 1,058,429 1,243,070 1,747,686 1,999,148

 PROJECTED WATER DEMAND

Source: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Design of the Baguio Bulk Water Supply Project
HYDROGEOLOGY OF STUDY AREA
LOCATION OF GROUNDWATER WELLS
GEOLOGY OF MASBATE ISLAND
GEOLOGY OF MASBATE ISLAND
Geology
Quaternary Alluvium
Masbate/Bugui Pt. Limestone
Nabongsuran Andesite
Buyag Formation
Mobo Diorite
Lanang Formation
Lamon Andesite
Mountain Maid Limestone
Nabangig/Sambulawan
Formation
Aroroy Quartz Diorite
Kaal/Mandaon Formation
Calumpang/Boracay
Formation
Manapao Basalt
Lithology Age
Unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel Recent
Coralline Limestone Pleistocene
Andesitic Intrusives and Pyroclastics Early Pliocene
Interbedded conglomerates and sandstones, mudstone with Late Miocene-Early
interbeds of calcarenites Pliocene
Diorite Stock Intrusive Middle Miocene
Well-consolidated, poorly sorted and well-rounded conglomerates
with pebbles and boulders set in a tuffaceous sandstone matrix. Middle Miocene
Interbedded with coarse sandstone, shale, and coralline limestone.
Porphyritic Andesite Middle Miocene
Late Oligocene-Early
Biomicrites, packstones, and micrite Limestone.
Miocene
Conglomerate, siltstone, limestone, and wackes Late Oligocene
Quartz Diorite Stock Middle-Late Eocene
Volcanic sandstone and conglomerate, fragmental flows, volcanic
Early-Middle Miocene
rocks, and occasional calcarenites
Chert, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, tuff, and
Late Jurassic
basaltic flow breccia.
Pillow Basalt Jurassic
 MASBATE ISLAND LITHOLOGIES AND HYDROGEOLOGY
Hydrogeologic Unit (MGB criteria, Hydrogeologic Subzones
Geologic Formation Lithology
this study) (this study)
Fairly Extensive and Productive
Quaternary Alluvium Unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel Aquifer Storage Zone
Aquifers
Masbate/Bugui Pt. Fairly Extensive and Productive Recharge and Aquifer Storage
Coralline Limestone
Limestone Aquifers with High Potential Recharge Zone
Limited Potential Local Groundwater
Nabongsuran Andesite Andesitic Intrusives and Pyroclastics Recharge Zone
Regions
Interbedded conglomerates and
Fairly Extensive and Productive Recharge and Aquifer Storage
Buyag Formation sandstones, mudstone with interbeds of
Aquifers with High Potential Recharge Zone
calcarenites
Limited Potential Local Groundwater
Mobo Diorite Diorite Stock Intrusive Recharge Zone
Regions
Well-consolidated, poorly sorted and well-
rounded conglomerates with pebbles and
Fairly Extensive and Productive Recharge and Aquifer Storage
Lanang Formation boulders set in a tuffaceous sandstoe
Aquifers with High Potential Recharge Zone
matrix. Interbedded with coarse
sandstone, shale, and coralline limestone
Limited Potential Local Groundwater
Lamon Andesite Porphyritic Andesite Recharge Zone
Regions
Mountain Maid Biomicrites, packstones, and micrite Fairly Extensive and Productive
Aquifer Storage Zone
Limestone Limestone. Aquifers
Nabangig/Sambulawan Conglomerate, siltstone, limestone, and Fairly Extensive and Productive Recharge and Aquifer Storage
Formation wackes Aquifers with High Potential Recharge Zone
Limited Potential Local Groundwater
Aroroy Quartz Diorite Quartz Diorite Stock Recharge Zone
Regions
Volcanic sandstone and conglomerate,
Kaal/Mandaon
fragmental flows, volcanic rocks, and Local and Less Productive Aquifers Aquifer Storage Zone
Formation
occasional calcarenites
Calumpang/Boracay Chert, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, Limited Potential Local Groundwater
Recharge Zone
Formation mudstone, tuff, and basaltic flow breccia. Regions
Limited Potential Local Groundwater
Manapao Basalt Pillow Basalt Recharge Zone
Regions
GROUNDWATER OCCURRENCE AND MOVEMENT
GROUNDWATER REGIME
HYDROLOGIC WATER BALANCE
River Basin Hydrologic Balance Computation

Long-term monthly and annual water balance uses lumped water

Hydrologic model. The general water balance equation is given as:

P = AE + RO +GWR + SMS + SWS + GWS

where:
P = precipitation or rainfall
AE = actual evapotranspiration
RO = surface runoff
GWR = groundwater recharge
SMS, SWS, GWS = change in storage of soil, surface water
and groundwater reservoirs, respectively.
On long-term basin, changes in storage tend to zero and
become negligible compared to other components, hence:

P = AE + RO +GWR
Hydrologic Cycle
Evapotranspiration
• Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) is the amount of evaporation that would occur
if a sufficient water source is available.
• Actual Evapotranspiration (AE) is considered the net result of atmospheric
demand for moisture from a surface and the ability of the surface to supply
moisture.

Conditions:
If P  PET : AE = PE
If P < PET : AE = P + ABS(SMS)  PE
During rainy months
P > PET, P – PE is absorbed by the soil until the max. soil moisture storage
(MSM) is reached. Excess water becomes surplus or “Total runoff (RO
+ GWR).
In dry months
P < PET, depletion of soil moisture and moisture deficit or negative
RO+GWR.
Potential Evapotranspiration (PET)
Thornthwaite Equation
PET is a function of surface air temperature, day length and heat index.

Where:
PET = monthly potential evapotranspiration (mm)
Ta = monthly mean temperature (oC)
N = the number of days in the month being calculated
L = the average day length (hours) of the month being calculated

I = heat index
 Surface Runoff (RO)
SCS Runoff Curve Number Method*
The SCS method uses the runoff curve number (CN), which is a function of
the area's hydrologic soil group, land use and hydrologic condition.

where
Q = runoff (mm)
P = rainfall (mm)
S = the potential maximum soil moisture retention after runoff begins (mm)
Ia = the initial abstraction (mm), or the amount of water before runoff, such as
infiltration, or rainfall interception by vegetation; and Ia = 0.2S

*Developed by the United States Department of Agriculture

(USDA) Soil Conservation Service (SCS)
MASBATE ISLAND SUBBASINS
 WATER BALANCE COMPONENTS

800

700

600
Rainfall
500
Effective Rainfall
Evapotranspiration
400
mm

300

Soil Moisture Recharge

Runoff
200
Soil Moisture
Soil Moisture Deficit Deficit
100

GW Recharge
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

-100
Month
RECHARGE MAP OF MASBATE ISLAND SUBBASINS
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES
ASSESSMENT
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES POTENTIAL

The groundwater resources potential across Masbate Island can be

assessed based on:

SAFE YIELD = defined as the possible abstraction volume in unit time

with sustainable manner in terms of groundwater aquifer.

POTENTIAL STANDING WATER VOLUME or THE VOLUME OF

GROUNDWATER RESERVE = estimated from the VMOD Conceptual
Model. To establish baseline information about the approximate volume
of the water reserve from the aquifers within the model area, the
volumes of the geologic layers were determined. Using these values of
geologic formation volumes and literature values for the specific yield,
the total volume of water reserve from the aquifers were computed using
the first term in Equation 1.
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES POTENTIAL

The total volume of water that can be extracted can be computed using
Equation 1 below. The first term of the equation is the groundwater
reserve while the second term is the safe yield.
 
(Equation 1)

Where:
Vw = volume of the potential water that can be extracted
A = area of the aquifer
d = average saturated thickness of the aquifer, and
Sy = Specific Yield
Qgwr = groundwater recharge
 POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER STANDING VOLUME

MODEL DOMAIN 1
Average Potential Standing
Aquifer Dominant Specific
Formational Volume, m 3
Volume Capacity of
Zone Lithology Yield
Thickness (m) Water, MCM*
1 Clay 17.04 9.39E+09 0.06 563.40
2 Sandy clay 1.37 7.54E+08 0.12 90.48
3 Boulder rock 0.14 7.75E+07 0.21 16.28
4 Limestone 38.66 2.13E+10 0.14 2,982.00
5 Clay 0.23 1.25E+08 0.06 7.50
6 Sand and gravel 52.09 2.87E+10 0.30 8,610.00
7 Basement 196.01 1.08E+11 0.06 6,480.00
Aquifer Total* 12,269.66
Domain Total** 18,749.66

MODEL DOMAIN 2
Average Potential Standing
Aquifer Dominant Specific
Formational Volume, m3 Volume Capacity of
Zone Lithology Yield
Thickness (m) Water, MCM*
1 Clay 43.38 6.29E+09 0.40 2,516.00
2 Limestone 9.17 1.33E+09 0.14 186.20
3 Basement 169.66 2.46E+10 0.06 1,476.00
Aquifer Total* 4,178.20
Domain Total** 4,178.20

*Excludes assumed non-water yielding lithologic units

**Includes potentially aquiclude/non-yielding aquifer zones
 POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER STANDING VOLUME

MODEL DOMAIN 3
Average Potential Standing
Aquifer Dominant Specific
Formational Volume, m 3
Volume Capacity
Zone Lithology Yield
Thickness (m) of Water, MCM*
1 Clay 18.23 6.18E+09 0.40 2,472.00
2 Sandy clay 60.77 2.06E+10 0.12 2,472.00
3 Basement 123.01 4.17E+10 0.06 2,502.00
Aquifer Total* 7,446.00
Domain Total** 7,446.00

MODEL DOMAIN 4
Average Potential Standing
Aquifer Dominant Specific
Formational Volume, m3 Volume Capacity of
Zone Lithology Yield
Thickness (m) Water, MCM*
1 Clay 79.47 2.71E+10 2.03E-02 10,840.00
2 Clay with gravel 8.12 2.77E+09 2.03E-02 332.40
3 Clay 0.03 9.75E+06 2.03E-02 0.59
4 Boulder rock 0.09 3.00E+07 6.89E-05 6.30
5 Sand rock 0.78 2.66E+08 6.89E-05 55.86
6 Sand and gravel 45.75 1.56E+10 1.02E-04 4,680.00
7 Basement 135.48 4.62E+10 2.03E-02 2,772.00
Aquifer Total* 18,687.15
Domain Total** 18,687.15

*Excludes assumed non-water yielding lithologic units

**Includes potentially aquiclude/non-yielding aquifer zones
 POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER STANDING VOLUME

MODEL DOMAIN 5
Average Potential Standing
Aquifer Specific
Dominant Lithology Formational Volume, m3 Volume Capacity of
Zone Yield
Thickness (m) Water, MCM*
1 No available water 43.49 1.97E+10 0.4 7,880.00
2 Poor aquifer 2.11 9.55E+08 0.12 114.60
3 Good aquifer 22.08 1.00E+10 0.3 3,000.00
4 Basement 164.02 7.43E+10 0.06 4,458.00
Aquifer Total* 3,114.60
Domain Total** 15,452.60

MODEL DOMAIN 6
Average Potential Standing
Aquifer Dominant Specific
Formational Volume, m3 Volume Capacity of
Zone Lithology Yield
Thickness (m) Water, MCM*
1 No available water 46.37 2.49E+10 0.40 9,960.00
2 Poor aquifer 2.42 1.30E+09 0.12 156.00
3 Good aquifer 81.19 4.36E+10 0.30 13,080.00
4 Basement 91.06 4.89E+10 0.06 2,934.00
Aquifer Total* 13,236.00
Domain Total** 26,130.00

*Excludes assumed non-water yielding lithologic units

**Includes potentially aquiclude/non-yielding aquifer zones
 POTENTIAL GROUNDWATER STANDING VOLUME

MODEL DOMAIN 7
Average Potential Standing
Aquifer Dominant Specific
Formational Volume, m3 Volume Capacity of
Zone Lithology Yield
Thickness (m) Water, MCM*
1 Topsoil 22.91 4.17E+09 0.40 1,668.00
2 Sand 19.18 3.49E+09 0.30 1,047.00
3 Basement 172.53 3.14E+10 0.06 1,884.00
Aquifer Total* 2,715.00
Domain Total** 4,599.00

*Excludes assumed non-water yielding lithologic units

**Includes potentially aquiclude/non-yielding aquifer zones
WATER SUPPLY - DEMAND
 GROUNDWATER SUPPLY AVAILABILITY FOR 2020
Available
Water Supply Total Demand
No. Municipality/City Area (km )
2
Groundwater
(MLD) (MLD)
(MLD)
1 Aroroy 311.31 261.67 19.75 241.92
2 Baleno 180.84 164.29 5.92 158.37
3 Masbate City 167.57 90.76 21.65 69.12
4 Mobo 135.85 95.96 8.70 87.26
5 Uson 172.82 88.04 12.46 75.59
6 Dimasalang 86.31 50.00 5.80 44.20
7 Palanas 124.84 76.60 5.69 70.91
8 Cataingan 164.72 76.45 10.92 65.53
9 Pio V. Corpuz 61.08 18.82 5.04 13.77
10 Esperanza 49.34 13.83 4.03 9.80
11 Placer 242.81 79.39 12.41 66.98
12 Cawayan 222.69 55.55 15.27 40.27
13 Milagros 510.75 257.59 13.08 244.51
14 Mandaon 227.51 112.32 9.39 102.92
15 Balud 177.53 60.02 8.56 51.46
Total 2,835.97 1,501.29 158.67 1,342.63
 GROUNDWATER SUPPLY AVAILABILITY FOR 2050
Available
Water Supply Total Demand
No. Municipality/City Area (km )
2
Groundwater
(MLD) (MLD)
(MLD)
1 Aroroy 311.31 247.52 48.14 199.38
2 Baleno 180.84 157.21 13.53 143.68
3 Masbate City 167.57 75.24 49.67 25.57
4 Mobo 135.85 89.65 18.59 71.06
5 Uson 172.82 72.54 24.89 47.65
6 Dimasalang 86.31 43.12 11.47 31.65
7 Palanas 124.84 68.86 9.97 58.89
8 Cataingan 164.72 67.69 19.13 48.56
9 Pio V. Corpuz 61.08 13.41 8.83 4.57
10 Esperanza 49.34 8.99 7.06 1.93
11 Placer 242.81 61.77 25.24 36.53
12 Cawayan 222.69 31.65 35.90 -4.25
13 Milagros 510.75 217.88 30.52 187.35
14 Mandaon 227.51 95.45 21.97 73.48
15 Balud 177.53 43.97 18.45 25.52
Total 2,835.97 1,294.94 343.35 636.13
 GROUNDWATER SUPPLY AVAILABILITY FOR 2070
Available
Water Supply Total Demand
No. Municipality/City Area (km )
2
Groundwater
(MLD) (MLD)
(MLD)
1 Aroroy 311.31 238.34 99.01 139.33
2 Baleno 180.84 152.49 26.71 125.78
3 Masbate City 167.57 64.90 98.34 -33.44
4 Mobo 135.85 85.44 35.17 50.26
5 Uson 172.82 62.23 45.14 17.10
6 Dimasalang 86.31 39.31 20.67 18.65
7 Palanas 124.84 63.88 16.64 47.24
8 Cataingan 164.72 61.94 31.94 30.01
9 Pio V. Corpuz 61.08 9.80 14.75 -4.94
10 Esperanza 49.34 5.76 11.78 -6.03
11 Placer 242.81 51.78 46.27 5.50
12 Cawayan 222.69 22.18 72.17 -49.99
13 Milagros 510.75 192.21 61.09 131.13
14 Mandaon 227.51 84.50 44.02 40.48
15 Balud 177.53 35.16 35.12 0.04
Total 2,835.97 1,169.91 658.81 511.10
GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
MANAGEMENT PLAN ELEMENTS
 IWRM PRINCIPLE

The proposed Groundwater Management Plan of Masbate City and

surrounding area is guided by the Principles of IWRM.
Based on Dublin principles & three pillars driving sustainability:
Economic-efficiency, Environmental-sustainability and Social-equity

Source: Groundwater in the IWRM approach, https://slideplayer.com/slide/5715678/

GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT GOAL

To effectively and equitably manage

groundwater resources and provide guidance
document for groundwater development in
Masbate City and Surrounding Area in
consideration of the current situation as well as
future impact of climate change to ensure long-
term sustainability of the resource.
GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE
The objective of the GMP is to address the key issues identified during the conduct
of the Study that affects the groundwater resources in Masbate City and
Surrounding Areas. Based on the results of this study, there are major risks that
can affect groundwater sustainability and ecological viability of the riparian systems
in Masbate Island. The following are the key issues identified:

1. Recharge reduction as a consequence to changes in rainfall and temperature

patterns due to climate change
2. Lack of data to assess groundwater levels, groundwater quality, the water
balance, wells, pumping amounts and impacts, etc.
3. Increase in water demand exerted by the increase in population, industrial and
economic growth.
4. Land use change as a response to increased economic and population growth
5. Lowering of hydraulic heads
6. Possible saltwater intrusion and occurrence of saline connate water
7. Effluent and Point-source Contamination of Water Resources
8. Agricultural Runoff Contamination (Total Suspended Solids, Pesticides and
Fertilizer) of Water Resources
9. Increased risk of groundwater contamination in areas with mining operations
MANAGEMENT PLAN COMPONENTS
 STAKEHOLDERS’ INVOLVEMENT

1. NWRB and Key Agencies

2. Informing the Public
3. Partnership and Coordination
4. Capacity Building
 NWRB AND KEY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
The PD No. 1067, s. 1976 or known as the Water Code Act and associated
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR); and the RA No. 9275 known
as the Clean Water Act of 2004, are the enabling environment in IWRM
that laid out the policies, legislative framework to achieve a sustainable
balance between the social, economic and environmental needs for water.

The NWRB being the government agency mandated to regulate all water
resources and services in the Philippines, as well as other key government
agencies, local authorities, private sector, civil society organizations and
partnerships all constitute the institutional framework that should be geared
towards the implementation of the policy and legal provisions.
 INFORMING THE
PUBLIC
The availability and effective
dissemination of scientific information
to stakeholders of the Masbate City
and surrounding area is the most
important tool for an effective
Information, Education and
Communication (IEC) Campaign. It
provides a common scientific basis
for every stakeholder with regards to
policy development, implementation
and observance of rules and
regulations agreed upon to manage
the water resources of the island.

An example of a campaign to
save and to use water wisely
 PARTNERSHIP AND COORDINATION
Informing Government Agencies and Stakeholders means continue to
maintain and further develop relationship with national, local and concerned
government agencies and organizations to benefit Plan implementation
through establishment of inter-agency forums and venues to conduct public
discussions, feedbacks and assessment.

Implementation of the provisions of the Philippine Water Code especially on

groundwater extraction and management will require institutional
strengthening of NWRB.

• Deputize the Local Government Units (LGUs) or other related regional

agencies to perform its functions of monitoring groundwater extraction
and review of water application permits as well
• Involve the Water Districts as they have the technical personnel capable
to perform monitoring and data collection that can help improve the
systematic recording of well data, monthly production and water quality
testing from the permitted operators
CAPACITY BUILDING
Capacity building involve working with institutions to enhance sustainable
groundwater management and development (NWRB and other governments
agencies). Capacity building is needed in groundwater governance, i.e., policies,
intuitional and legal frameworks; development, operation and maintenance; and
for analytical tool that is resource exploration, assessment and prediction.

1. Training on policy instruments (institutional competencies and skills) for

integrated groundwater management (use, protection and conservation).
2. Training on legal requirements for groundwater allocation, evaluation and
assessment of groundwater permits applications, groundwater resources
assessment for use in permitting (recharge assessment, determination of
exploitable groundwater etc), enforcement of groundwater permit conditions,
effective groundwater monitoring as part of compliance monitoring
3. Improve capacity in disaster response, risk reduction as well as increasing
understanding on climate change threats to groundwater depletion;
CAPACITY BUILDING
Capacity building involve working with institutions to enhance sustainable
groundwater management and development (NWRB and other governments
agencies). Capacity building is needed in groundwater governance, i.e., policies,
intuitional and legal frameworks; development, operation and maintenance; and
for analytical tool that is resource exploration, assessment and prediction.

1. Training on policy instruments (institutional competencies and skills) for

integrated groundwater management (use, protection and conservation).
2. Training on legal requirements for groundwater allocation, evaluation and
assessment of groundwater permits applications, groundwater resources
assessment for use in permitting (recharge assessment, determination of
exploitable groundwater etc), enforcement of groundwater permit conditions,
effective groundwater monitoring as part of compliance monitoring
3. Improve capacity in disaster response, risk reduction as well as increasing
understanding on climate change threats to groundwater depletion;
CAPACITY BUILDING

4. Capacity building at both national and local levels to identify and monitor
potential threat to groundwater due to poor sanitation and waste discharge.
Specifically, capacity for regulation of both point and nonpoint source
pollution.
5. Provide training on groundwater and IWRM tools, groundwater use
efficiency, demand, groundwater management planning, and water as an
economic good that should be priced in regards with equity and efficiency
principles;
6. Provide training on groundwater assessment that include monitoring network
design, data management (data collection from primary or secondary
sources, data analysis and interpretation and groundwater data presentation
using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) tools;
7. Hydrogeologic modelling, water balance and mass transport GIS applications
to groundwater exploration and assessment
 MONITORING PROGRAM
Establishment of comprehensive, long-term monitoring program to acquire the
essential data needed to evaluate changes in water resources over time. A
groundwater-monitoring program serves as a foundation to develop and improve
decision-analysis tools, such as a groundwater model used to forecast trends
and guide the design, implementation and monitoring of groundwater
management and protection programs.

1. Groundwater Level Monitoring

2. Groundwater Quality Monitoring
3. Surface water Monitoring
4. GIS Management system to maintain the monitoring data
5. Monitoring Protocol
 PROPOSED GROUNDWATER MONITORING
STATIONS
• In total, 56 wells are proposed to be included in the design of
groundwater monitoring network of Masbate Island.
• The proposed monitoring well locations were strategically placed to
monitor possible contaminants as well as possible over-extraction in
the densely populated areas.
• From the output of GW modelling, the groundwater heads in the
Southern part of the model area greatly varies over the year. Hence,
monitoring wells were proposed in that area to detect if there is
excessive extraction particularly during the dry season.
• At the central part of the model area, which serves as a ridge or
boundary of the sub-catchments within the model area, monitoring
wells were also proposed to detect any cross-contamination of
groundwater across the sub-catchments
 PROPOSED GROUNDWATER MONITORING
STATIONS
• Monitoring wells are also proposed in the Northern and North-
Eastern part of the model area to monitor the water levels and water
quality in the groundwater discharge and recharge areas,
• Locations of the wells are proposed to be in government-owned
properties such as schools, parks, barangay and municipal halls
PROPOSED GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK
 Groundwater Aquifer Monitoring Parameters and Frequency

Hydrogeological
Frequency Environmental Parameter Frequency
Parameter

Static Water Level (m) Daily Temperature (oC) Quarterly

Drawdown (m) Bi-monthly Acidity/Alkalinity (pH) Quarterly
Groundwater Yield
Quarterly Conductivity( μS/cm) Quarterly
(m/s)
Transmissivity (m2/s) Quarterly Dissolved Oxygen, DO (mg/L) Quarterly
Coliform, Total and Fecal (mpn
Recharge Rate (m/s) Quarterly Quarterly
col/100ml)
    Turbidity (NTU) Quarterly
    Heavy Metals Suite (Pb, Sb, Cd) Quarterly
    Metals Suite (Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Cr) Quarterly
    Total Dissolved Solids, TDS (g/L) Quarterly
    Total Suspended Solids, TSS (g/L) Quarterly
    Phosphate, Nitrate, Sulfate (NPK) Quarterly
    Organic Pesticides (mg/L) Quarterly
    Oil and Grease (mg/L) Quarterly
PROPOSED SURFACE WATER MONITORING STATIONS
Coordinates
No. River Location
Longitude Latitude
1 Banadero River Banadero Bridge, Mobo* 123.66 12.33
2 Guinobatan River Brgy. Bangon, Aroroy 123.39 12.48
3 Lanang River Brgy. Malubi, Aroroy 123.41 12.40
4 Manolib River Brgy. Bacolod, Milagros 123.50 12.23
5 Lumbang River Brgy. Malinta, Masbate City 123.57 12.33
6 Aguada River Brgy. Matagantang, Placer 123.96 11.94
7 Nainday River Brgy. Gaid, Dimasalang 123.83 11.96
8 Santa Cruz River Brgy. Gangao, Baleno 123.87 12.18
9 Daraga River Brgy. Calumpang, Placer 123.87 11.96
10 Guiom River Brgy. Villahermosa, Cawayan 123.80 12.03
11 Looc River Brgy. Looc, Mandaon 123.27 12.11
12 Malbug River Brgy. Tan-Awan, Placer 123.71 12.14
13 Asid River Brgy. San Vicente, Uson 123.54 12.27
14 Mandaon River Brgy. Asid, Masbate City 123.32 12.24
15 Napayawan River Brgy. Tagpu, Mandaon 123.36 12.31
16 Baleno River Brgy. Bat-Ongan, Mandaon 123.51 12.42
 PROPOSED SURFACE WATER MONITORING
STATIONS
• To be able to establish an effective monitoring program for the
groundwater network of the study area, it is essential to establish
the importance of the interconnection of groundwater and surface
water.
• Analysis of surface water characteristics provides a good view of
the condition of groundwater in a particular area. For instance, the
observed base flow of a river is a factor of the groundwater flow in
the area.
• Low surface water flows during times of drought likely do not
come from runoff, but from the seepage of underground water into
the stream bed. There are a lot of variables about the
hydrogeological makeup of the area around a river that
determines its base flow characteristics.
PROPOSED SURFACE WATER MONITORING NETWORK
 Surface water Monitoring Parameters and Frequency
Hydrological and
Frequency Environmental Parameter Frequency
Meteorological Parameter
Hourly, Daily,
Discharge Velocity (m/s) Temperature (oC) Quarterly
Monthly
Hourly, Daily,
Discharge Volume(m3/s) Acidity/Alkalinity (pH) Quarterly
Monthly
Hourly, Daily,
Rainfall/Precipitation (mm/day) Conductivity( μS/cm) Quarterly
Monthly
Hourly, Daily,
Humidity Dissolved Oxygen, DO (mg/L) Quarterly
Monthly
Hourly, Daily,
Evapotranspiration Rate Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD(mg/L) Quarterly
Monthly
Hourly, Daily,
Atmospheric Temperature (oC) Coliform, Total and Fecal (mpn col/100 ml) Quarterly
Monthly
Hourly, Daily,
Water Level (m) Heavy Metals Suite (Pb, Sb, Cd) Quarterly
Monthly
    Metals Suite (Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Cr) Quarterly
    Total Dissolved Solids, TDS (g/L) Quarterly
    Total Suspended Solids, TSS (g/L) Quarterly
    Turbidity (NTU) Quarterly
    Phosphate, Nitrate, Sulfate (NPK) Quarterly
    Organic Pesticides (mg/L) Quarterly
    Oil and Grease (mg/L) Quarterly
MONITORING PROTOCOL
Adequate assessment of groundwater condition requires information
that is both consistent and reliable in order to track and evaluate
annual and long-term changes in conditions.

 Coordinate with concerned government agencies regarding the

existing and planned monitoring efforts, i.e., DENR for water quality,
WD for groundwater level and DPWH for streamflow monitoring

 Use a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the collection of

groundwater level data for wells

 Develop field and office quality assurance practices for the program

 Provide training on water level reading and sampling to field

personnel or volunteer well owners as needed
GROUNDWATER SUSTAINABILITY

• Rainwater Harvesting
• Stormwater Recharge
• Reuse Water Supply
• Conservation and Demand Reduction
• Groundwater Modelling
 Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is the collection and

storage of storm water runoff. Benefits
from rainwater harvesting:
• Recharge groundwater aquifer
• Provides independent water supply that
reduces demand and enable
groundwater levels to be sustained
• Prevent flooding
 Rainwater Harvesting

Storage of rainwater for

future use
Recharge to groundwater
An example of Typical Biosand Filter
 Conservation and Demand Reduction
Water conservation encompasses the policies, strategies and
activities to manage groundwater as a sustainable resource, to
protect the water environment, and to meet current and future
demand. Identify water conservation opportunities.

Household Applications
• Repair dripping fixtures, leaks, and unnecessary flows. One drop
per second leak will amount to over 2,500 gallons of water waste
per year.
• Implement changes to improve practices in cleaning, laundry and
kitchens
• Take short showers. Use low-flow showerhead and turn off the
water while lathering.
• When brushing teeth, turn off the running faucet.
 Conservation and Demand Reduction
Household Applications
• Replace the old toilets with dual-flush or high efficiency toilet
(HET) using no more than 1.3 gallons or 5 liters per flush
• When washing vegetables, fill a bowl instead of rinsing with
running water. When finished, use the water on plants.
• Run washing machines on full loads.

Commercial Applications
• Waterless urinals
• Waterless car washes
• Rainwater harvesting

Agricultural Application
• Drip Irrigation
 Wastewater Reuse

On-site wastewater reuse

can reduce water use in both
urban and rural households.
At present, most homes use
potable (drinkable) water for
practically everything in the
house and garden.

We are literally flushing our

drinking water down the
toilet!
PLANNING INTEGRATION

1. Urban Management Planning

2. Land Use Development Planning
3. Integrated Water Resources
Management
 Urban Management Planning

Combined effects of urbanization, industrialization, and

population growth greatly modify landscapes and thus the
continuous circulation of water; the hydrologic cycle.

Groundwater should be recognized as an essential part of

holistic urban water management, irrespective of whether
groundwater is to be used or not. Groundwater should be
included in long term planning or urban water systems. Policies
and design guidelines should be made on urban water
management during the development of subdivisions or other
land development.
 Integrated Water Resources Management
(IWRM)

IWRM has been defined by the Global Water Partnership

(GWP) as "a process which promotes the coordinated
development and management of water, land and related
resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social
welfare in an equitable manner without compromising
the sustainability of vital ecosystems".

Establishment of adaptive local and national policies that will

strengthen and enhance the implementation of the GMP by the
NWRB and partner agencies will be an important part of the plan.
Proposed GMP Implementation Schedule and Resourcing
Implementation Period
GMP Component Funding Agencies/Sources
Short Medium Long
(2023-2028) (2028-2033) (Beyond 2033)
Local Government
Stakeholders
 X X    National Government
Involvement
NGO
Local Government
Monitoring Program  X X  X 
National Government
Foreign Financial Grants
Local Financial Grants
Local Government
Groundwater Quality
 X X X  National Government
Protection
NGO
Private Institutions
Private Entities
Foreign Financial Grants
Local Financial Grants
Groundwater Local Government
X  X   
Sustainability National Government
Private Institutions
Private Entities
Local Government
Planning Integration  X X  X  National Government
NGO
     
Total Cost  
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IWRM)
IWRM is a systematic process for the sustainable development,
allocation and monitoring of water resource use in the context of
social, economic and environmental objectives.
Groundwater and surface water are closely linked and within an
IWRM approach all water should be managed as one resource.
Managing groundwater resources primarily aims at sustainable
development of resources for various users. A key issue of
sustainable groundwater is balancing the available resources with
the increasing demands of water use.

1. Balancing recharge into the basin storage (groundwater

resource) with discharges for economic, environmental and
human benefits
2. Protection of groundwater from pollution
3. Controlled pumping to prevent declining well yield/quality
4. Transformation from vicious circle to virtuous circle
 Sustainable Groundwater Development
Modified from Hiscock, 2002

Source: Groundwater Management in IWRM Training Manual, 2010, Cap-Net-UNDP

https://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/toolbox/references/groundwater-management-in-iwrm.-training-manual-cap-
netagw-netgw-mate-2010.pdf
Source: Global Water Partnership
https://www.gwp.org/en/About/why/the-need-for-an-integrated-approach/
THANK YOU