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Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law
Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law
and
Coulomb’s Law
Fundamental Charge: The charge
on one electron.
e = 1.6 x 10 -19 C
-
n + n -
+ + n
n +
n
- +
+ n
- -
Negative
Neutral Atom
Positive Atom
Atom
Number
Numberof
Number ofelectrons
of electrons><=Number
electrons Numberof
Number ofprotons
of protons
protons
-2e = -3.2 x 10 -19
+2e = +3.2 x 10-19 CC
Electric Forces
F F
+ +
F F
- +
Coulomb’s Law – Gives the electric force
between two point charges.
q1q2
F k 2 Inverse Square
r Law
If r is doubled then F is : ¼ of F
If q1 is doubled then F is : 2F
3μC 3μC
40g 40g
50cm
m1m2
Fg G 2
r
(.04)(.04) 13
6.67 10 11
2
4.27 10 N
(0.5)
q1q2
FE k 2
r
6 6
9 (3 10 )(3 10 )
9.0 10 2
0.324 N
(0.5)
The electric force is much greater than the
gravitational force
Example 3
20cm
3.31N at 209º
Example 4 (Balloon Lab)
Two 8 gram, equally charged balls are suspended on earth
as shown in the diagram below. Find the charge on each
ball.
20º
10º 10º
L = 30cm L = 30cm
FE 30sin10º FE
q q
r
r =2(30sin10º)=10.4cm
2
q1q2 q
FE k 2 k 2
r r
Draw a force diagram for one charge and treat as an
equilibrium problem.
T sin 80 .08
.08
T
.081N
T sin 80
Tsin80º
FE 80º
q
Tcos80º
FE T cos 80
Fg = .08N q2
k 2
(.081) cos 80
.104
2 .014 2
q (.104)
k
7
q 1.3 10 C