Beverage

Refrigeration
System
Refrigerant:
Ammonia (NH3)
 Process
Process Chart
Description

Process Input Output

Objective
Primary goals &
Effieciency

Beverage Refrigeration System

Refrigeration
System
A refrigeration system is the process of
cooling a space or substance to lower
or maintain a certain temperature
below the regular room temperature

Presentation Title
3
Compressor Hot Gas Condenser

Hot
Liquid
Gas

Cold
Evaporator Expansion Valve
Refrigerant
 TYPICAL REFRIGERATION CYCLE
COOLING
WATER
2
3 CONDENSER

2
P-H DIAGRAM ’
P
Condensation
3 2

EXPANSION
VALVE Expansion Compression

4 1 COMPRESSOR
Evaporation

4 EVAPORATOR
1

Heat
 How does a
Refrigeration
system works?
 TYPICAL REFRIGERATION CYCLE

2
3 CONDENSER

P-H DIAGRAM
P
2
EXPANSION
VALVE Compression

1 COMPRESSOR

4 EVAPORATOR
1

Heat
 SURGE DRUM

SUPERHEATED
NH3 GAS

COMPRESSOR - is a machine where the low

pressure and temperature gas refrigerant is
converted to high pressure and high temperature
gas.

NH3 COMPRESSOR
 COMPRESSION

DISCHARGE
SUCTION

THE COMPRESSING PROCESS - the compressor draws the

vapor from the evaporator, it then compresses this vapor
until its temperature is above that of the condensing
medium.
 P- H DIAGRAM :
From point 1 to point 2 the suction of low pressure
P 2 2’
low temperature vapor and compressing this low
temperature low pressure refrigerant vapor to a
3 high pressure high temperature refrigerant vapor.
This process occur in the compressor and is called
Compression COMPRESSION.

The amount of superheat 1 - 1’ is a function

4 1 1’ of the type of evaporator and the heat
absorbed from the atmosphere as the
refrigerant travels along the suction line
from the evaporator to the compressor.
H
 TYPICAL REFRIGERATION CYCLE
COOLING
WATER
2
3 CONDENSER ’

P-H DIAGRAM
P
Condensation 2
3

EXPANSION
VALVE Compression

1 COMPRESSOR

4 EVAPORATOR
1

Heat
 CONDENSER

CONDENSER - is a unit that condenses the gas refrigerant

and dissipates the heat to the environment by means of
cooling water.
 NH3 GAS

NH3
LIQUID
THE CONDENSING PROCESS - when the compressor has raised
the vapor to a temperature above that of the condensing medium,
the heat of the vapor will flow to the condensing medium and so
condense the refrigerant to high pressure liquid. This high pressure
liquid then flows to the receiver where it is stored until it is supplied to
the cooling unit through the expansion valve.
 P- H DIAGRAM :
From point 2 to point 3 releasing of heat takes
place by cooling the high pressure refrigerant

P 3’ 3 Condensation 2 2’
vapor to change to liquid phase. This process occur
in the condenser and is called CONDENSATION.

Compression
The performance of the condenser often
1 1’ exceed requirements. The result is a
4 subcooled liquid 3’.

H
 TYPICAL REFRIGERATION CYCLE
COOLING
WATER
2
3 CONDENSER

P-H DIAGRAM
P
Condensation
3 2

EXPANSION
VALVE Expansion Compression

4 1 COMPRESSOR

4 EVAPORATOR
1

Heat
EXPANSION VALVE - is a valve used to expand the liquid
refrigerant to lower the pressure and
temperature going to the evaporator.
 VALVE THROTTLING

NH3 LIQUID IN NH3 LIQUID OUT

THE PRESSURING REDUCING PROCESS - as the compressor

withdraws the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator, the cooling unit
must be supplied with more low temperature, low pressure refrigerant
capable of absorbing heat. This is accomplished by a liquid control
valve known as an expansion valve. This valve reduces the pressure
of the high pressure liquid from the receiver to a low pressure liquid
capable of absorbing heat, it maintains a constant supply of liquid in
the evaporator.
 P- H DIAGRAM :
From point 3 to point 4 high pressure liquid
refrigerant undergoes expansion to become a low
P 3’ 3 Condensation 2 2’
pressure liquid and vapor refrigerant. This process
occur in the expansion valve and is called
EXPANSION.

Expansion Compression
The refrigerant at pt. 4’ consist of liquid
and vapor, the vapor resulting from the
4’ 4 1 1’ “flashing” of some of the liquid in order
to cool the remaining liquid from con-
densing temp. pt. 3’ to the evaporating
temp. pt. 4’.
H
 TYPICAL REFRIGERATION CYCLE
COOLING
WATER
2
3 CONDENSER

2
P-H DIAGRAM ’
P
Condensation
3 2

EXPANSION
VALVE Expansion Compression

4 1 COMPRESSOR
Evaporation

4 EVAPORATOR
1

Heat
 EVAPORATOR - it is where the beverage is being
cooled and carbonated. It is the carbo-
cooler in our refrigeration system.

CARBO-COOLER

Distributing trough
Water Syrup
CO2

Carbonator-Cooler Tank
Injection

NH3 OUT

Cooling Plates
Carbo-Trol
CO2 Supply

NH3 IN
Mix

Mix Pump

TO FILLER

CO2 Supply
BEVERAGE IN

NH3 GAS

NH3
LIQUID
THE VAPORIZING PROCESS - as the low temperature, low pressure
refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs the heat from the material and
space that is being refrigerated, it is transformed from a liquid to a
vapor in the process.
 P- H DIAGRAM :
From point 4 to point 1 absorption of heat by the
refrigerant takes place. This process occur in the

P 3’ 3 Condensation 2 2’
evaporator and called EVAPORATION.

Expansion Compression
After pressure reduction, the two phase
4’ 4 Evaporation 1 1’ mixture at 4’ contains a greater liquid
fraction and therefore gives greater
refrigeration effect.

H
 TYPICAL REFRIGERATION CYCLE
COOLING
WATER
2
3 CONDENSER

P-H DIAGRAM
P
Condensation
3’ 3 2 2
’
EXPANSION
VALVE Expansion Compression

4’ 4 1 1’ COMPRESSOR
Evaporation

4 EVAPORATOR
1
S
Heat
 Refrigeration System Schematic Diagram
Equalizing line Check Valve

CONSTANT PRESSURE
VALVE
Blower

Relief
Valve
Booster
Make-up
COMPRESSOR Pump CONDENSER Water
LIQUID RECEIVER

Water Syrup SURGE DRUM

Reservoir Reservoir

BPRV

Expansion Solenoid
Valve
Valve
Strainer
CARBO-COOLER
MIX PUMP

TO FILLER
 Refrigeration System Schematic Diagram Hot Air Out
Equalizing line Check Valve

Pres. =181 psig CONSTANT PRESSURE

Temp. = 95 OF VALVE
Pres =40 psig Blower

Pres =181 psig

Tem p = 220 OF Relief
Valve
Booster Make-up
Pump Water
COMPRESSOR CONDENSER
LIQUID RECEIVER

Water Syrup SURGE DRUM

Reservoir Reservoir
BPRV
Pres. = 45 psig
Temp. = 30 OF

Expansion Solenoid
Valve
Valve
CARBO-COOLER Strainer
T2
MIX PUMP

TO FILLER
T1
 Refrigeration System Schematic Diagram
Equalizing line Check Valve

Hot Air Out

Pres. = 181 PSIg CONSTANT PRESSURE

Temp. = 35 OC VALVE
Pres = 40 PSIg Blower

Pres = 181 PSIg

Temp = 104.45 OC Relief
Valve
Booster Make-up
Pump Water
COMPRESSOR CONDENSER
LIQUID RECEIVER

Water Syrup SURGE DRUM

Reservoir Reservoir
BPRV

Pres. = 45 PSIg
Temp. = -1.12 OC

Expansion Solenoid
Valve
Valve
CARBO-COOLER Strainer

MIX PUMP

TO FILLER
S
Goal
• Cooling system preserves beverage products for a long time and
prevents possible microbiological contamination. Perfect
temperature is the most important factor during the preparation
process as it ensures the safety of the processed beverages.
Efficiency
• An ammonia-based refrigeration system costs 10-20% less to build
than one that uses CFCs because narrower-diameter piping can be
used.
• Ammonia is a 3-10% more efficient refrigerant than CFCs, so an
ammonia-based system requires less electricity, resulting in lower
operating costs.
• It has a global waming potential of <1
• Ammonia is substantially less expensive than CFCs or HCFCs
 P-H DIAGRAM
P SATURATED LINE HIGH PRESSURE SIDE

CONDENSATION

3 2
SUB-COOLED SUPERHEATED
REGION VAPOR
EXPANSION LIQUID - VAPOR REGION
REGION
COMPRESSION
4 1
EVAPORATION LOW PRESSURE SIDE

H
C2
C2