TLE 10

HORTICULTURE
QUARTER 4 LESSON 1
OBJECTIVE:
•THE LEARNER SHOULD BE ABLE
TO APPLY PROPER CULTIVATION
METHOD FOR PARTICULAR CROP.
(TLE_AFHC10PV-IV-a-1)
PRESENTING CLASSROOM
STANDARS;
• 1. Always follow the health protocols for safety.
• 2. Be kind, polite, and courteous to others.
• 3. Keep your hands and feet to yourself.
• 4. Be respectful of classmates, teachers, and property.
• 5. Listen to the teacher and classmates, and follow directions.
• 6. Work hard and always do your best.
• 7. Be safe.
• 8. Raise your hand when you would like to speak in class, when leaving your seat or if you need to leave the
classroom for a reason.
• 9. Be ready to take the consequences if you break the rules.
 QUESTIONS:
•1. What is soil cultivation?
•2. Why do you need to cultivate?
•3. How cultivation affects soil?
DIRECTION:
• WATCH THE VIDEO PLAYED IN THE SCREEN. (SOIL
FORMATION)
QUESTION?

•HOW WAS SOIL

FORMED?
 QUESTIONS:
•1. WHAT IS CULTIVATION?

•2. WHY DO WE NEED TO CULTIVATE?

•3. HOW CULTIVATION AFFECTS SOIL?

 OBJECTIVE:
Apply proper cultivation method for
particular crop. (TLE_AFHC10PV-
IVa-1)
 QUESTION: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT
METHODS OF CULTIVATION
• 1. Ploughing
• Viewed as a “conventional” cultivation, ploughing is the deep inversion
and burial of surface residues, working the soil at typical depths of 20-
40 cm. Timely ploughing reduces compaction, capping and slumping
risks on silty and sandy soils.Although ploughing often produces good
soil physical conditions, it can degrade soils over time, which is why
ensuring plough conditions, setting and timing are appropriate.“A poorly
planned ploughing operation wastes time and energy,”
• 2. Deep non-inversion
• This technique is a lower-cost alternative to ploughing, working
the soil to 20-35 cm. Crop residues are mixed into the top soil,
while any potential subsurface compaction can be restructured.
“Perhaps this technique is now coming out of fashion slightly,
but it is certainly worth mentioning. “Growers should know the
depth of compaction they want to mechanically restructure and
set the machine to just below this depth,”
• 3. Shallow non-inversion
• Most often used where cereals, pulses and oilseeds are grown in the
rotation, this technique involves shallow surface movement at 5-10cm
using discs or tines. Suited to self-structuring soil types, it also helps
alleviate slug pressure via its shallow tillage and consolidation. The
method requires controlled traffic farming and/or low ground pressure
technologies to avoid deeper soil damage. Most crop residues remain on
the soil surface and it can be combined with low surface disturbance
loosening as a separate operation.
•4. Strip tillage
•Rather than cultivating an entire field, this
technique cultivates the strip in which crops grow,
working at a depth of 5-10cm. Again, most crop
residues remain on the soil surface and in some
situations this method can be considered a form of
direct-drilling.
• 5. Direct-drilling
• Direct-drilling is a one-pass establishment system without a prior
cultivation pass.
• Two types of drill can be used, these being a cultivator-type, tine-based
drill, which involves some soil movement and a no-till disc drill, which
moves as little soil as possible. Sometimes, the technique can use a form
of cultivation to loosen topsoil before seed placement, but where no soil
movement occurs, this is known as “no-till” or “zero-till”.
• “No-till is a specialist operation that takes quite a sizable change in a
farming system to make it work well,” says Mr. Henderson. However,
when used appropriately it can benefit soil biology and fertility to make
soils more resilient.
ACTIVITIE
S:
ACTIVITY 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE
ACTIVITY 2: CROSSWORD
Activity 3. Essay questions (Group Activity)
•1) Why are soils important?
•2) What is soil?
•3) How is soil formed?
•4) Why do plants grow in soils?
•5) What is soil quality?
RUBRICS:
 QUESTIONS:
•1. HOW CULTIVATION AFFECTS TO
SOIL?

•2. Why cultivation is important to soil.

SHORT QUIZ:
I. Name three crops grow in each
of the following kinds of soil:
•1. Sandy soil
•2. Clayey soil
•3. Loamy soil
II. Select appropriate words to fill in the blanks:
• loamy, water-melon, clayey, water, rainy, particles, humus
• 1. Different types of soil have different types of __________.
• 2. Sandy soil does not retain __________ for a long time.
• 3. __________ soil is the best for most of the plants.
• 4. Compost manure increases __________ in the soil.
• 5. In summer __________ is grown.
• 6. Paddy is the crop of __________ season.
• 7. __________ type of soil retains more water.
• III. There are three answers to each question. Choose the correct one:

• 1. Which type of soil does not retain water for a long time?

• a. Sandy; b. Clayey; c. Loamy

• 2. Which type of soil slippery when wet?

• a. Sandy; b. Clayey; c. loamy

• 3. Which type of soil is most useful for plants?

• a. Sandy; b. Clayey; c. Loamy

Assignment: Write ‘R’ for right and ‘W’ for wrong
statements:
• 1. Loamy soil is the mixture of sandy soil, clayey soil and
humus.
• 2. Humus is formed due to decaying of leaves, dead
animals and cow dung.
• 3. Sand particles float on water.
• 4. Clayey soil absorbs water.
• 5. The same crops are grown in different seasons.