Module 1.1 - Introduction

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
SEMESTER : VII
SUBJECT : DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION

MEASURES
CHAPTER : INTRODUCTION
TOPIC : DEFINITION OF DISASTER, HAZARD, GLOBAL AND
INDIAN SCENARIO, GENERAL PERSPECTIVE,
IMPORTANCE OF STUDY IN HUMAN LIFE, DIRECT AND
INDIRECT EFFECTS OF DISASTERS, LONG TERM EFFECTS
OF DISASTERS.
1
INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE
ARMIET/CE/SEM-7/DMMM
CHANGE.
CONTENTS
Learning Objectives
1.1 Definition of Disasters
1.2 Various Types of Disasters:
1.3 Hazards
1.4 General Perspective of Disaster
1.5 Important Study of Disasters In Human Life
1.6 Direct And Indirect Effect of Disasters
1.7 The Long-Term Effect of Disasters
1.8 The global Warning and The Climate Change
1.8.1 Global Warning
1.8.2 Causes of Global Warning
1.8.3 Greenhouse effect
References
2 ARMIET/CE/SEM-7/DMMM
COURSE OBECTIVES
• To understand physics and various types of disaster occurring around the world
• To identify extent and damaging capacity of a disaster
• To study and understand the means of losses and methods to overcome minimize it.
• To understand role of individual and various organization during and after disaster
• To understand application of GIS in the field of disaster management
• To understand the emergency government response structures before, during and after
disaster
INTRODUCTION
4 ARMIET/CE/SEM-7/ DMMM
 Hazard may be defined as “a dangerous condition or event, that threat or have
the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the
environment.”
 Hazards can be grouped into two broad categories:
1. Natural Hazard
2. Manmade Hazard
GENERAL PERPECTIVE OF DISASTER
(i)Emotional effects
(ii) Cognitive effects
(iii) Physical effects
(iv) Interpersonal effects
Socio-Cultural Perspective
Economic Perspective
The Political Perspective
DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECT OF DISASTERS
Direct effect of the disasters
 It causes the loss of lives of human beings and also the other living
beings
 It causes a huge economic loss.
 It causes loss natural vegetation mainly due to the floods.
Indirect Effects of the Disasters
 They create a threat to the ecosystem.

 They also create the problem soil erosion along the backs of a river due to
the floods.
 The top fertile soil gets eroded, and the fertility of soil is reduced
Global Warming and Climatic Change
 The global warming is a phenomenon of the

climatic changes.
 It is the positive change in the heat received
by the surface of earth i.e. there is a
continuous increase in the temperature at the
world level. This has modified the world
climate zones like Equatorial zone, Tropical
zone, Temperate zone and Artic zone.
 Following are causes of the global warming:
Causes of Global Warming
Deforestation :
•Fast and unplanned urbanisation

•CO2 in atmosphere was 0.03%
•Now it is 0.04%
•CO2 is a green house gas.
Causes of Global Warming
Industrialisation :
 Chemical industries emit huge

amount of carbon particles.
 Increasing air pollution.
Use of fossil fuel :

 Coal, oil, natural gas
 Emits huge amount of CO2.
 Increasing
 temperature.
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
The greenhouse effect is a process that
occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere
trap the Sun's heat.
This process makes Earth much warmer
than it would be without an atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is one of the
things that make Earth an
uncomfortable place to live.
How does the greenhouse effect work?
 As you might expect from the name, the greenhouse effect works … like a
greenhouse!
 A greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a glass roof.
 Greenhouses are used to grow plants, such as tomatoes and tropical flowers.
 A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during the winter. In the daytime, sunlight
shines into the greenhouse and warms the plants and air inside.
 At nighttime, it's colder outside, but the greenhouse stays pretty warm inside.
That's because the glass walls of the greenhouse trap the Sun's heat.
 The greenhouse effect works much the same way on Earth. Gases in the
atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat just like the glass roof of a
greenhouse.
 These heat-trapping gases are called greenhouse gases.
 During the day, the Sun shines through the atmosphere.
 Earth's surface warms up in the sunlight. At night, Earth's surface cools, releasing heat
back into the air. But some of the heat is trapped by the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
 That's what keeps our Earth a warm and cosy 58 degrees Fahrenheit (14 degrees Celsius),
on average
How are humans impacting the greenhouse effect?
 Human activities are changing Earth's natural greenhouse effect.
 Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil puts more carbon dioxide into our atmosphere.
 NASA has observed increases in the amount of carbon dioxide and some other greenhouse gases in our
atmosphere. Too much of these greenhouse gases can cause Earth's atmosphere to trap more and more
heat.
 This causes Earth to warm up.
What reduces the greenhouse effect on Earth?
Just like a glass greenhouse, Earth's greenhouse is also full of plants! Plants can help to
balance the greenhouse effect on Earth.
All plants — from giant trees to tiny phytoplankton in the ocean — take in carbon dioxide and
give off oxygen.
 The ocean also absorbs a lot of excess carbon dioxide in the air. Unfortunately, the
increased carbon dioxide in the ocean changes the water, making it more acidic.
 This is called ocean acidification.
 More acidic water can be harmful to many ocean creatures, such as certain shellfish and
coral.
 Warming oceans — from too many greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
 — can also be harmful to these organisms. Warmer waters are a main cause of coral
bleaching.
References
 ‘Disaster Management’ by Harsh K.Gupta, Universities Press Publications.
 ‘Disaster Management: An Appraisal of Institutional Mechanisms in India’ by O.S.Dagur,
published by Centre for land warfare studies, New Delhi, 2011.
 ‘Introduction to International Disaster Management’ by Damon Copolla, Butterworth Heinemann
Elseveir Publications.
 ‘Disaster Management Handbook’ by Jack Pinkowski, CRC Press Taylor and Francis group.
 ‘Disaster management & rehabilitation’ by Rajdeep Dasgupta, Mittal Publications, New Delhi.
 ‘Natural Hazards and Disaster Management, Vulnerability and Mitigation — R B Singh, Rawat
Publications
 Concepts and Techniques of GIS W.P.Lo Albert, K.W. Young — Prentice Hall (India) Publications.
Link
 https://youtu.be/9WIwlljva_s
 https://youtu.be/9OFNnsFokt0
 https://youtu.be/m8cG2DYoxVI
Thank you
23 ARMIET/CE/SEM-7/ DMMM

Module 1.1 - Introduction

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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

SUBJECT : DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION

• To identify extent and damaging capacity of a disaster

• To understand application of GIS in the field of disaster management

 Hazards can be grouped into two broad categories:

(ii) Cognitive effects

(iii) Physical effects

(iv) Interpersonal effects

The Political Perspective

Direct effect of the disasters

Indirect Effects of the Disasters

 They create a threat to the ecosystem.

 The global warming is a phenomenon of the

•Fast and unplanned urbanisation

 Chemical industries emit huge

Use of fossil fuel :

The greenhouse effect is a process that

occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere

trap the Sun's heat.

This process makes Earth much warmer

than it would be without an atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect is one of the

things that make Earth an

uncomfortable place to live.

 A greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a glass roof.

 Human activities are changing Earth's natural greenhouse effect.

What reduces the greenhouse effect on Earth?

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