STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

STRESS
• When some external forces or loads act on a body, the internal forces (equal and opposite) are set up at
various sections of the body, which resist the external forces. This internal forces per unit area at any section
is called as unit stress or simply stress.
• Stress is also called as resisting force per unit area at any cross section when a body is subjected to external
forces.

STRESS, σ =P/A
P= Force or Load acting on a body,
A= Cross sectional area of the body.
SI Units
1 MPa=1x 106 N/m2 =1 N/mm2 1 KG= 9.81 N OR 10 N

1GPa= 1x 109 N/m2 =1 kN/mm2 1 POUND= 0.453 KG

Other units Lbf/in2 Pounds Per Square Inches 1 inch = 25.4 mm

 STRAIN

• When a system of forces act on a body it undergoes deformation. This deformation per unit length is
called unit strain or simply strain.
• Change in dimension to the original dimension.

• Strain,=
• = change in length of the body
• = original length of the body
 YOUNGS MODULUS

• Hooks law states that stress is directly proportional to the strain when a material loaded within
elastic limit.
• E = constant of proportionality or youngs modulus or modulus of elasticity

OR WHERE